Rabbi Binyamin Yuhanan - Biblical Hebrew Part 8

good evening we're continuing learning biblical hebrew from the first hebrew primer we are in chapter six last week we did the new material and today we're doing the exercises we are on page 47 and we're doing exercise five write the correct verb form in each sentence below read and translate each sentence so they give you the the root the three letters of the root and we have to adapt the root to the noun or pronoun that is uh given to us and we have to fit the gender and whether it is singular or plural correctly so i'm going to say it but everyone should repeat after me and preferably to actually write it down exercise five one the root is shin mem resh shamar means he guarded singular masculine then it preserves um the root that's the simple simple form of the root shamrock [Music] is plural and by plural whether it's masculine or feminine the form of the verb is the same sham the sons or the children guarded [Music] the young ladies guarded exercise 5-2 the root verb is [Music] the king stood in the city [Music] the young man stood on the mountain the girls or the daughters stood on the way the animal stood on the ground behema can can be used as a as a referring to singular animal an animal or the word behemoth can also be used as referring to many animals together but the word itself is singular [Music] now the third word in this exercise is so a young a young woman went to a king and she heard or she listened to the slave there now next word is plural feminine young women went to the king and they heard or or they listened to the slaves they see avraham is masculine singular avraham veda but it's tricky because you also have david david is together with avraham so yeah there are two people that means they're masculine avraham the david abraham and david went to moab a name of a country they ham and they listened to the brothers d ish is singular ish a man went to egypt and he remembered cities and mountains the fourth word in this exercise is shin women sent animals to men in the city to the men in the city be ha ha is uh singular but at the same time the means a nation and and therefore it's a little bit tricky when do you use it as a singular word or plural now at the end of the sentence it says the him it says they now who does they refer to it could refer to the nation people of the nation or in this case it could refer to avadhim to slaves so let us use as singular for now and we will assume that him they refers to the slaves servants to the king biru shalom in jerusalem they him and they the slaves the slaves they listened to the king there now in c we have a similar issue hamish baha is the family the family is singular feminine but a family consists of many people so sometimes we will refer to members of the family but in this case since we're also speaking about banim children so the the word hema they plural refers to not but rather by the children so we will use to children the hema and they the children and they sent animals to the family the plural masculine brothers or the brothers sent were a word to the father and the father passed to jerusalem now we turn to page 48. read exercise 6 read and translate each hebrew sentence then translate the english sentences below using the hebrew sentence as a guide so this is an advanced exercise you have to translate from hebrew to english and then from english to hebrew with the different words now abraham went to a city like jerusalem and he ruled now a we have to translate abraham went to a city avraham he went to a city like jerusalem he went to a city and he ruled there huh abraham and david went to the city and they ruled there avraham or went to a city like jerusalem sarah now second uh sentence in this exercise hayyom the nation from moab passed with their kings from the mountains on the way to jerusalem so again today the nation from moab passed with the kings or with kings from the mountains on the way to jerusalem a today the nation crossed over with the kings him b today the kings crossed over with the nation from the mountains so the prefix b or ba can either mean in or with so here we use the second uh translation with bimla him with kings see today the nation crossed over a mountain on the road to jerusalem but there again today the nation hayyom crossed over avar a mountain har on the road to jerusalem bader li rusaline di today the animals crossed a road with the men from jerusalem derek the man from moab crossed over with women on the road to jerusalem but so it's a little bit involved complicated but if the if it's difficult for you you can divide the sentence in two sections and translate each part now exercise seven re rewrite the possible new sentences below replacing the underlined word with each word that follows we have done similar exercise before each exercise will have multiple sentences to write and then read the sentences aloud translate remember that every time a word is replaced the rest of the sentence may need to be changed to agree with the new word the new subject first sentence david malach beerus david ruled in jerusalem and the nation listened to david now aleph we have to replace narim instead of david and narim is a plural word so all the verbs are also going to change now it was it's going to be a and everyone should write it down in addition to just saying it or bet sarah sarah is feminine [Music] now in the previous sentence we can either say lesara or el sara definite so it will change hey will drop and lamid will have a sound and dalit have been the fathers guarded animals in the land vahanasim so he went to replace the word meaning the women sent words to the fathers there so alef children from the family so mass [Music] so since both nashim and banim are plural even though my name is feminine but in the plural verb a past tense it is the same um and instead of nashim we say root that is singular feminine haiyom the slave in the house singular definite masculine [Music] who now we're going to third sentence in exercise 7 on page 48 the father heard the matter or heard a word and he guarded a daughter from egypt so we have to replace the word with following words first alef the young woman the slaves feminine plural i now the fourth sentence in exercise 7. the boys or the children the sons went on a way to the mountains and they passed or crossed over to the city now the word habbanim the children we have to replace aleph with haben the son haben fifth sentence in exercise seven the daughter went to the house from the city of and she listened to the father ahmada babaid and she stood in the house like a daughter now you notice in hebrew a pronoun can be omitted because the noun already tells us who we're speaking about for example here it says and doesn't tell us who and we know that it's she means she listen to the father even though the word she is not there but the the verb already means she heard so the word habat the daughter we have to replace aleph ha ish the man haish is the man went to the house from the city he heard he listened to the father and he stood in the house like a man hannah which means she feminine singular either let's see and the sixth sentence in exercise seven the fathers listened or the fathers heard women so again from the exercise that we did so far you notice that when the word shama um is used it can either mean listen or hear he heard or he listened shama so how do you know the difference if the following word has that means the translation is listened and if it doesn't then the translation is heard so for example here it's just nasheem without le so therefore it's heard the fathers heard women and they the fathers crossed or crossed over from the land and they went on ma on the mountains so here we have to replace the verb they listen to they heard with shama and therefore we have to replace the nouns to correspond with the verb since she heard and now we cannot say have because it's feminine so we have to say hi my heart in my heart i'm sorry not ima hot because it's a singular imahod means mothers we need the mother so it's feminine and it's a different verb so again we have to say the mother sent women and she passed from the land the he and she walked on the mountains and the last word is shalakh he sent ha shallah excellent now we go to page 49 exercise eight the last exercise on for this chapter read and translate the following sentences david ruled in jerusalem isha and he remembered a woman in the land and he sent words to the woman the woman remembered and she went or she walked on the way elha to the city and to the king they ruled in jerusalem 2. the nation passed over or crossed over from egypt the nation passed mountains or crossed over mountains and lands and is definite and the lens it the nation crossed over or passed over with the animals and with the servants and it the nation crossed over to the cities in the country and it the nation stood there until today so the word odd means until 3. in the land stood a si city ahmad and in the city stood a house [Music] and in the house stood a father and young women and servants and this servants and an animal and words or and things the father went the young women went the slaves the the servants went the animal went and the things stood there in the house number 4 the servants listened to the man in egypt and they passed over to the mountains but with things with the things from the houses in egypt and they guarded things on the way the final sentence in the final exercise sentence 5 in exercise 8 on page 49 avraham ish abraham a man from moab he went to sarah a woman from egypt the hymn of and they passed over they crossed over to moab hamish bahama the family from egypt remembered and it the family sent servants and animals el sara to sarah avraham to sarah and avraham with this we finish chapter six we go to page 50. um except it's lesson 7 the perfect tense and here we will officially learn the structure of past tense in hebrew with all the different conjugations for different pronouns hashem we will start this new subject next week thank you for listening have a good night