Rabbi Binyamin Yuhanan - Biblical Hebrew Part 9

good evening today we are learning biblical biblical hebrew according to the book the first hebrew primer we are in chapter seven the perfect tense we are on page 50 and we start with oral review the brothers went to the city him they passed to the city the young ladies they past to the land number two is a man sent an animal to moab men sent animals to moab a woman sent a slave to moab nasheem shalhou avadhim le mohave women sent slaves to moab but not shalom daughters from egypt passed to jerusalem israel of ruling sons from egypt passed to jerusalem sons and daughters stood in egypt hema of ruling israel they passed to egypt and they stood in egypt number four but there is on the way to the mountains stood a young man [Music] on the way to the mountains stood a young man and a young woman they stood and they heard animals in the mountains but there is on the way to the city they remembered days on the mountains number five a king ruled in jerusalem he ruled in the city and their brothers ruled on mountains the king guarded men and the brothers guarded animals they sent animals to the city and he sent men to mountains now on page 51 we actually start chapter seven um perfect tense now perfect tense we said means in simple english past tense first we have new vocabulary words starting from the right column is the root of a verb say amar means he said and it can be used both by men and women i it can be used by men or women singular i ani or anoki can use either is plural you feminine singular when you talk to a girl one girl you say at you when you talk to a boy you use atta singular plural i'm sorry singular masculine you plural you masculine at 10 we again we're on page 51 vocabulary words the column on the left attend you plural feminine attend now another verb eugene vet is the root of sit settle or resign remember three meanings because depending on the context it can mean one of these three either to sit on a chair settle in a location or reside in the location yashav he sat or he settled law is no or not le hem simply means bread but generally it refers to all food often torah says lechem but the meaning is food not only bread lyfne before in time or in front of in space another verb that's the root of the word take means he took and the last word al has four different meanings al can mean upon about speaking about someone on and over again depending on the context you may use one of these four translations now we have subject pronouns and all the pronouns um are listed in the following charts first the pronouns that we're already familiar with who is he he is she him or hemma is they masculine and henna is very feminine and now we are learning new pronouns and together putting them together we have subject pronoun chart singular on the right side plural on the left side and they're divided by first line is first person next two lines are second person and the next two lines are third person first person is speaking about myself or us second person speaking to you and third person is speaking to him her or them okay now ani or anogi is i both feminine and masculine atta or let's go to first person we plural both feminine and masculine so ani and anahnu when we're speaking in first person about ourselves or about myself now second person on the right side atta you masculine singular unlike english where the word you can mean all for in hebrew there are four separate words atta is for you for masculine singular at is you for feminine singular atem is you for masculine plural and a ten is you for feminine plural it may sound confusing but once you practice it will become second nature when you're speaking to a boy you say atta when you speak to a girl you say but when you're speaking to boys you say atem when you're speaking to girls you say aten and when you're speaking to a mixture of boys and girls you use the masculine plural pronoun atem as well and now third person on the right side who means he hem or hema is they masculine so who when you're talking about about one boy you say he in english and you say who in hebrew when you're speaking about a few boys you say hem they masculine or hemma now for girls if you're speaking about one girl she that in hebrew is he he that girl you say he and when you're speaking about a few girls together they you say henna okay now we turn to page 52 the and we are actually learning past tense of verbs right now page 52 on top perfect tense of the pattern different uh verb patterns have different names this the most simple one is means he did something as opposed to um something was done to him so on page 52 we have an example of a verb in this case shamar in past tense he guarded so the most simple structure of a hebrew verb is just the root and the root of a verb is uh third per person singular masculine he did something so in this case shamar means he guarded and you can say who shamar for he guarded or you don't have to use the pronoun if you say shamar it already means he guarded so sometimes in the torah you will have a pronoun sometimes not and you don't need to have a pronoun now for feminine she guarded you add a hey and change the sound to ah he shamra she guarded and when you speak about plural that is easy because both for masculine and and uh and feminine past tense plur verb is the same whether you're talking about them they masculine or they feminine or henna they garden the forms you have learned belong to a verb pattern called the paal pattern pattern this is one of the seven hebrew patterns the perfect tense forms in the pal pattern are made by adding signal letters to the end of a verb root again if you're speaking about he did something then you don't add anything it's just the pure root form but everything else you have to add an ending for for she guarded you add a hay and a sound and they you add um ooh sound at the end and we'll see for all the pronouns below the signal letters are the same in all seven patterns of the perfect tense okay the chart below shows all the perfect tense forms of the verb of the example word in the pal pattern in the forms below the signal letters are outlined and the root letters are blank so this chart is very useful and so it's recommended to make a copy of it and keep all the important charts together in front of you so that when you're doing exercises in this book and you forget oh how do i say that in the past tense or how do i say that in the future tense or in the present tense you will easily refer to the chop chart the chart and you're not gonna have to list uh to to browse the whole book to find the chart so this is a useful chart you should make a picture of it or a copy and keep it on the side so for example i guarded is so you notice that a there is a similarity between the pronoun ending and the verb ending so ani ends with e and therefore the word the verb i guarded will be also ending with e ani next word you you is atta it ends which is he is the simple form without any additions now for for she which is he um we we guarded because the pronoun is ending with nu so easy to remember you plural masculine atem ending with tem so the verb becomes shem and notice that the vowels also change in plural you instead of it's you don't say sha martem you say and for girls plural you you say shemar ten and for they guarded shamroo whether it's feminine or masculine whenever we show you a new pattern we will ask you to memorize it this means that you need to read it write it and say it over and over until it is familiar to you as the multiplication tables or as the abcs now we turn to page 53 and we actually have whatever we practice now in written form together with the pronouns you guarded masculine you guided plural masculine attention you guarded plural feminine they guarded masculine they guarded feminine any verb root that we have introduced so far can fit into the above pattern in roots that include the five guttural letters there may be some vowel changes that we have to pay attention to you don't have to memorize them because if necessary you can refer to the verb spelling chart on page 371 and each verb that is introduced in this book will be listed there in all of its forms and as we mentioned before you don't need to use a pronoun together with a verb in the past tense because the ending of the verbal will already tell you who is speaking um i stood so the t already means i zakharti already means i remember i went so one word in hebrew is two words in english subject pronouns will sometimes be used with perfect tense verbs for convenience in this text so again sometimes in the torah and in this text book pronouns are used but it's more for emphasis now how do you make a negative sentence in hebrew that's the next topic and page 53 sentences are usually made negative in hebrew by using law which means not here are some examples of law used in sentences for example abraham went to the city if you want to say he didn't then you say avraham you add the law in front of the verb did not go to the city now next example ahmadnu we stood on the road and how do you say we didn't stand on the road you don't have to say we just the the word ahmad nu already means we stood no means we didn't stand but they're on the road now turn to page and we have exercises very important exercises to practice past tense write the correct perfect tense verb forms using the form using the verbs zachar and malach so in exercise one on page 54 we have to use two verbs for each number so for example number oh so it gives you example ani i remembered or i rule number one in exercise one atta how do you use the word malach or zakhar rule and again on your own time you should actually write these down read them translate them number two in exercise one at you feminine three who he and remember that who is the most simple one no additions who's he she we remembered we ruled number six atem you masculine plural atem and notice the vowels change atem are the two uh forms that change vowels now eight hema they masculine hema and for number nine it's the same thing for even though it's feminine but the form is the same henna they feminine now exercise two write all the perfect tense forms for the verbs yo and you can include the appropriate subject pronouns read each form aloud and translate this should be um done by everyone in writing i'm going to quickly say for the word you'd shin vet following the chart on page 52 [Music] ya know so everyone please do this exercise in writing read it and translate it now for the word la cache following chart on page 52 la cache means i took she took like who they took feminine okay now exercise three read this perfect tense verb forms aloud and translate and we are going to go down the column first column second count to make it more difficult you feminine you plural masculine ruled yes you feminine plural set or settled they went now column number two zachary you heard avarti i passed you guarded masculine you feminine ruled you walked plural masculine you ate feminine plural avro they passed column four ya shavti i said you masculine sent you feminine said avar he passed avrah she passed we guarded you plural masculine scent zartan you uh plural feminine remembering they listened number five again i'm going columns the fifth word in each line la remembered who they sent the sixth word in every line i ate you masculine took you feminine eight um do they stood number seven seventh word in each line in exercise three on page fifty four a marty i said a marta she took um we said you plural masculine remembered you plural feminine they ate and the last word on each line eighth word shamati i heard ya shafta you said you guarded feminine singular shama he heard akhla she ate avarnu we passed and exercise 4 write the appropriate hebrew subject pronoun example you and you you say to two men you and you together you plural plural masculine you david david avraham they masculine they means when you speak to two girls you a girl you're a girl you say you plural feminine aten number five hamelech the king is he and that is who mithra virus two names of places mitzrayim egypt virus jerusalem we know that names of places are feminine so they feminine you a boy and you a girl together you plural and we use the masculine form the city in english you would maybe say it but in hebrew it is she it's feminine i'm sorry the the name of a city is feminine but the word the city is masculine so it would be uh which means he many women and one man as long as there is as long as there is one man in the group we use masculine pronouns we will use they masculine and you plural masculine but not feminine the first line and we're gonna go in the exception uh instead of the proper word is means i'm sorry you feminine singular took again instead of it he passed second word in each line they heard she ate you plural masculine went ah we stood we took you feminine singular past shama he heard ahatem this is the fourth word in each line i heard shamati we ate you masculine singular walked they stood next word on each line the fifth word shaman we heard he ate she walked ahmad you masculine singular stood like who they took avarti i passed next word in each line [Music] you plural masculine heard you feminine singular eight we walked amida now the word next to the last in each line you feminine singular heard they ate you feminine singular walked you feminine singular stood he took a varno we passed and the last word in each line she heard you singular masculine eight this finishes this class in the next class we finish all the exercises in um chapter seven that we actually did already last week and next week we will go bazat hashem to chapter 8 lesson 8 on page 59 thank you for listening have a great night all the best you