Rabbi Binyamin Yuhanan - Step into the Shabbat Home Part 3

[Music] good evening welcome to the third class in a series on Shabbat home today we're going to continue with Shabbat day itself the meals on Shabbat the Havdalah and then we will cover what you are allowed to say to a non Jew and what you're not supposed to and what happens if a non Jew does work for you on Shabbat we mentioned that you are supposed to eat three meals on Shabbat and that is because in the olden times people used to it only twice during the day when they would wake up they would eat around ten eleven o'clock in the in the morning sometimes it worked with before noon and then they would wait another six seven hours and they would eat again four five six o'clock and that's it and so for Shabbat to to be special we eat three meals on Shabbat and we said last time that the main meal on Shabbat is the day meal and therefore your best food should be saved for the day meal and for all three meals ideally you should eat bread but at least the first meal the night meal and Shabbat day you need to have bread so - leash it ideally you should have bread but if a person is not hungry or doesn't want to eat bread you're allowed to eat pastry miss or not and if even that is hard at least eat other foods through fruits vegetables meat fish and what is the minimum amount of bread in order to say Bearcat Amazon you need to eat one key site one key site let's say it's about one ounce so if you want to fulfill the mitzvot of eating the meal so that you can say back at Amazon you need to eat one ounce of bread and that has to be eaten within seven minutes otherwise it's considered not as one meal but as two different meals if you eat a little bit now and a little bit in ten minutes from now that's not considered part of the same meal however preferably you should eat too because they thought which means one cabeza which is anywhere between one and a half to two ounces of brand and this way you will be able to wash your hands with a blessing as we mentioned last week you can only make a blessing on washing hands a little idea dime if you are planning to eat one and a half to two ounces of bread if you're planning to eat less than one and a half ounces of bread the volume of cabeza you wash your hands but you don't make a blessing and it's important to eat fish by all three meals if possible if a person enjoys it he should eat fish all three meals if a person does not enjoy fish then he's not obligated to eat fish similarly it's good to eat meat the first two meals by Friday night and Shabbat day if a person for some reason doesn't like meat doesn't enjoy meat then he's not obligated to eat meat if a person cannot eat bread for su - this is the third meal he eats pastry and he cannot eat pastry hits anything else fruits vegetables or meat or fish after Shabbat we eat the fourth meal and that is called Malave Malka which means escorting the Queen and it is also called the Sudha of David amalek the meal of King David why and that is for two reasons one is that on Shabbat will say that mushiya cannot come and when Shabbat finishes we're happy that perhaps he's going to come now the entire Shabbat we didn't even wait because we know he cannot come but once Shabbat is over we start to wait expect him again and we make a meal in celebration that he might be coming any moment and the second reason why it's called the meal of King David is because David Amalek asked Hashem tell me when I'm gonna die and Hashem said I'm not gonna tell you you're not allowed so he said ok please at least tell me which day of the week so Hashem said Shabbat and David bargained with Hashem he said maybe Friday it's not nice to die on Shabbat because people cannot take care of you Hashem said no I want you to dine Shabbat because an extra day of your prayers of your Psalms to me are very precious I cannot take you a day earlier and she said why not Sunday and he said no Sunday already it's the time for your son no more to be the King and you cannot interfere with your children you have to leave them to live their life cannot take over and so David emilich said ok and what did he do every Shabbat now he he thought maybe the last Shabbat because I didn't tell him which about and therefore every time Shabbat came the entire Shabbat would pray he would be careful he would learn Torah and as soon as Shabbat finished he would make a celebration every time she about finished he would make a big meal he would invite friends to celebrate that Hashem gave him another week to live and that is why we also celebrate in commemoration that David Emmel a--the had another Shabbat to live preferably one should eat bread for maleva Malka as well but if a person is not hungry from all the meals of Shabbat he can eat a pastry and if he cannot eat even pastry at least eat something take a fruit a vegetable and keep in mind I'm eating it for Malave Malcolm ideally it should be eaten right after Shabbat some people make hard Allah and right after they wash hands and eat eat meal ever Malcolm but as long as you eat it within the the first four hours after Shabbat that's good and BT Avadh if that's difficult try to eat it before midnight so now we go on to half dollar just like it's a mitzvah to sanctify Shabbat with words over the cup of wine when it comes in it is also a mitzvah to sanctify Shabbat with words over a cup of wine when Shabbat departs and we call that half dollar so we take a cup of wine we take B Samim spices fragrant spices and a candle first we make a blessing on wine as usual then the blessing on fragrant spices and then the blessed blessing on the candle and after these three blessings we make the actual blessing of half dollar the main blessing is the last blessing of half dollar the longest and in order to fulfill the Mitzvah of half dollar you have to hear that blessing both men and women need to hear half dollar and therefore even if you didn't pay attention by the first blessing by the second verse and by the third blessing but at least by the fourth blessing by a blessing of half dollar itself you need to pay attention if the man is not available to make the half dollar than the woman can make half dollar for the whole family and even if someone already made half dollar in a synagogue he can still make half dollar for his family second time or even if you made it for your family and another person comes in who didn't hear half dollar and he doesn't know how to do it you can make half dollar as many times as necessary to help other Jews to fulfill the mitzvot before you do have dollar we are not allowed to eat or drink except for water if a person is thirsty he is allowed to drink water but no food and no other drink not even tea or coffee only pure water before have yes from the moment you finish your suit Ashley you make the the blessing of Becca Thomas zone you don't eat and you don't drink if necessary you can drink water that's a good question the third meal should ideally be after a person prays afternoon prayer min ha and before sunset but the Avadh if it's not possible to pray min ha before then you can eat the third meal first and then pray in her and with the Avadh if it's already sunset you still have 13 minutes after sunset to start your third meal sued Ashley sheet and if you miss even that then you don't eat the third meal thirteen minutes after sunset yes that's the latest and one more thing about sued Ashley sheet is if you washed for bread and you ate started eating before the 13 minutes are up you can continue as long as you want and even though it's already an hour after sunset hour and a half you can still continue eating as long as you didn't say beer kata Mazzone however if you didn't wash for bread you decided only to eat pastries or only to eat fruits and vegetables then you're supposed to stop as soon as Sun sets or for a few minutes after sunset but since you're not within the meal so every moment is a separate moment as opposed to if you started the meal everything goes after the beginning of the meal so if you washed then you within the meal and if your meal started on time you can continue but if you're not in it within the meal you should stop by sunset so for this additional reason it's good to wash and eat bread this way you have an extra hour to eat sunset is when the Sun disappears from the horizon on the calendar some calendars write on Friday the time of sunset some write this time of candle lining which is 18 minutes before so if your calendar says can the lining time so you add another 18 minutes to that and then 13 additional minutes to that as Abadie Avadh as after the fact if you missed sunset you can still eat stew - leash it for 13 minutes yes if your current calendar doesn't specify then you have to check one week take it and check against another calendar or ask somebody when is sunset and then compare and then you'll figure out what what your calendar shows yes yes as long as you started before sunset or within 13 minutes you can continue that same meal until you want to finish it or until you use a Bearcat Amazon or Arvid now usually we eat sue - leash it we say Berkut Amazon and then we go to pray the evening prayer our vide and now we come home and we do have dollar if the order is reversed that's okay for example if the person stayed home and was eating stew - leash it and Shabbat finished he is allowed to make half dollar even though he didn't pray out of it yet and then he can go to the synagogue and pray let's say that particular synagogue or that particular minion is late and sometimes that happens for example if there is a special event mode say Shabbat and they want people to come to the synagogue and they want people to bring their whole family so they say let's make evening prayer late so that everybody can come by cars so then you can each - they should say but Kodama zone and do have dolla and then drive to the synagogue and pray evening prayer and and as an aside by the way you can do a similar thing Friday night for example let's say you live in a place where there is only one minion for evening prayer Friday night and that's very late let's say they pray an hour after sunset and you don't want to wait so long to pray evening prayer and then come home and make you douche so you are allowed to pray in heart early you're allowed to say Kabbalat Shabbat by yourself and then you can make you douche and eat your meal and then at the end of the meal or in the middle of the meal you go and pray the evening prayer this way your children will be able to participate in a meal and this way you will be able to pray with a minyan as well this according to some its ilaha illah sometimes when things are not like at hila in some situations in other situations they are laqad here for example if you have a whole family waiting and they are tired so then you don't make them suffer you start the meal early you make you do shinned and the whole meal first and then you pray our vide if nobody is waiting and you can pray first it's better to pray first yes if you have shoes then just go to an earlier minion now just like we don't eat before half-dollar we're not supposed to do any work before half-dollar unless you say Hamid Baruch Hamas deal been Kaddish the whole which means in a in a different formula you say basically the same thing that now it's not Shabbat anymore it used to be Shabbat until now now it's a weekday but even if you say I'm up bottom of the urbancode Ashley Hall you still cannot eat or drink until you make the actual half-dollar after you say Bertram have you been conditioned at all and you waited enough time whatever you wait until after the end of Shabbat some people wait according to Robyn no Tom 72 minutes some people wait 60 minutes and their earliest wait 45 minutes so it's recommended to wait 72 minutes but if somebody cannot he can rely on opinions that say 60 minutes or 45 minutes yeah yes everybody should do the same half-dollar with the wine with the spices and with the candle and I'm gonna speak about the candle later but just because the woman is alone or the husband is not there does not mean that half dollar becomes short-term it's still the same half dollar now how do we do doing the half dollar actually yeah after sunset is it already the next day or not so be on Friday night we rule that as soon as the sunset Shabbat began however at the end of Shabbat Saturday night we are strict and we say even though sunset the new day didn't begin yet it still Shabbat and therefore you have to wait a little longer until three stars come out when three stars come out three medium stars then it's considered night and there is an argument when do they come out some say it's 45 minutes some say 50 minutes some say 60 minutes and some say 72 minutes so every person ideally should try to keep 72 minutes but if it's hard then you can keep 60 you can keep 50 or minimum you can keep 45 minutes the some calendar is in addition to say to telling you the candle lighting time they also tell you when Shabbat leaves and you have to check what opinion they follow some calendars follow the lenient opinion some medium and some later so check one time how many minutes after sunset it shows and then you'll know you mean from the let's say Shabbat ends on a calendar 60 minutes and then grab a new Tom is 72 and you're asking you're still strict with yourself not to do work but are there things that you can still do so yes for example if the next day is Yom Tov if the next day is is pesos reward so called Rosh Hashanah and it happens to be right after Shabbat we know that on Shabbat you not allowed to prepare for a weekday and not only that you're not allowed to prepare on Shabbat for even a holiday so even though let's say PASOK falls out on boats a Shabbat Sunday Saturday night and Sunday and you having a lot of people coming for Seder and you need to set the table you need to put the plates and the chairs and all the the whole cara are you allowed to do it on Shabbat no are you allowed to do it after sunset no but there comes a time when it's already a Suffolk and we rule that after 25 minutes you can already prepare for another day if it's a for Mitzvah so for example for Pesach Seder or for Yom Tov meal you can wait 25 minutes and then start preparing without doing any work without lighting fire or electricity but you can already do things that are permitted on Shabbat and the only reason they're forbidden is because it's preparation for the next day but since it's already 25 minutes after sunset you can already be lenient with them now unlike kaduche by Havdalah wine we're supposed to pour so much that it should spill over not a lot but a little bit and then we use that wine that spilled over to put out the candle we don't pour wine over the candle but rather we dip the candle into the wine and unlike you Do's where we add three drops of water into our cup by Havdalah we don't add three drops of water okay three drops of water we usually add by kaduche into the cup of wine and that is because wine represents strict justice judgment and water represents kindness and so we want that the kindness should sweeten the judgment kindness should overpower the judgment and therefore we add water on top of wine but for both meals just three drops but for half dollar we don't do that we try to keep Shabbat longer because we are creating more holy time in our life weekdays are considered not holy compared to Shabbat so by extending time of Shabbat we extending our days of blessing additionally on Shabbat the fire of Jahannam is put out and so all those that transgress during their lifetime they have rest on Shabbat if they kept Shabbat so if person did any other mistakes and he's being punished in the jaina on Shabbat his rest and as long as there is one Jew in the world that is still keeping Shabbat the fire of Jahannam doesn't start and so we try to keep the fire Shabbat longer to help to help the people could be could be for these two reasons not so many people you're gonna find but but many people do for an for a couple hours three hours after Shabbat finishes they still don't do half dollar for for the for the spices before you make the blessing you have to first smell it a little bit just to make sure that your nose works and thank Hashem that it works sometimes it happens that a person has a cold or when they light the match to light the candle the smoke penetrates the nose and then you not sensitive anymore so just test it to make sure you can smell and if you cannot then you have to give it to someone else to make the blessing the reason why we don't spill additional wine on top of the candle but rather we dip the candle into wine that's already spilled is because we're not supposed to waste anything useful and by since we already have wine that's spilled in a cup in in the plate just use that right otherwise it's bout Ashley yeah just like just like by kaduche you're supposed to have a cup for half dollar that holds three ounces minimum and you're supposed to drink from that more than by kiddos bike you douche we say if you drink two ounces it's enough by half dollar you should drink three ounces because afterwards you need to make a blessing alig effing and you can only make that blessing if you eat drink three ounces and then whatever else is left in a cup you can share with others there's a custom that women don't drink from the wine of Havdalah unless they themselves make it but if you if you have wine left and you don't want to spill it what you do is you first pour from the bottle of wine into the cup a little more and only then you pour it back into the wine bottle and that that is because when when you drink from a cup that wine is considered Pargo blemished because somebody drank from it but by pouring fresh wine on top of that you fix that problem whether it's for hadoo show or after half dollar let's say before you make you douche your child comes over and try some of the wine so then you cannot use that wine for kaduche so what do you do you pour a little bit more wine fresh wine into the cup wine that someone drank from yes once you fix it by pouring fresh wine in it becomes good again and you can pour it back into the bottle yeah that's a good point we don't reuse the same cup without rinsing it first so if somebody used that cup to make a douche and then guests come or you make you douche in the morning and then your husband comes he should not use the same cup you can fix it by adding more wine or you can spilt into another cup rinse the cup and then put the wine back and add more wine to make it a new cup of wine adding would also be okay yes if somebody cannot drink wine you either let someone else make you douche or the person himself makes key douche and just drinks a drop and and someone else drinks too two ounces yes Saturday morning we said last week that for Saturday morning we're lenient that if you cannot make you douche on wine because of alcohol or grape juice because of too much sugar you can make you douche on any other liquid except for water like milk or coffee or juice you can make you douche on that for a woman we're lenient for a man we ask that you should make a douche on wine or grape juice if there is if that's not available then we move to other liquid yes Shabbat morning for a lady that's okay to make you douche on coffee milk you if you can make the entire key douche make the entire two douche if not at least read the paragraph if not at least read one sentence I can al Canberra Hashem do massive advocacy and then you just say charcoal and you drink it and that's considered your kaduche now when after we make the blessing for the wine for Havdalah we transfer them the cup into the left hand since we made the blessing on it we're still keeping it in our hands and we take the bee Samim the spices with our right hand and we make the blessing and depending if it's from if it's considered grass or herb we make is bei if it's from a tree we make I'd say and if it's a mixture or unknown we make mini Bassani Ashkenazim always make me neighbour Samim whether it's from tree ground or mixture we differentiate then you smell it you pass it around is the wine is still in your left hand then you someone holds the candle or the candle is on the table you put your thumb inside and you cover your fingers over your thumb of your right hand and you look at the reflection of the candle light in your fingernails cabbalistic ly not the thumb I'm not sure why if yeah if you wear nail polish that's fine that's fine and when you make the blessing for the candle you have to be close enough to the candle that you can benefit from the light if the candles on the other side of the room and you just see the light but you're not really getting any light that you can see let's say to read from or see your nails then you cannot make a blessing on it so they can move the candle around but then you have to make your own blessing because let's say someone made the big blessing yes yeah you can pass it around yes no then you don't if you [Music] yes yes so everybody just uses their right hand yes only the right hand no just the right hand yes okay now just another few brief halaqaat about Shabbat day itself and then we're going to go to speaking to non Jew yes that's afterwards after you finish half dollar yeah after you finish half dollar there's a custom to dip your finger into the wine and then put that wine on your bone in the back of your head or on your forehead or in your pockets and that is done to bring some of Shabbat with you into the into the workweek the memory of Shabbat one finger is enough and then people do more but one finger is enough and if you have so many people that the wine dried up you can add a little more okay we're not allowed to fast on Shabbat sometimes when a person saw a very disturbing dream and he cannot calm down and it he's worried what what does that dream mean and he's worried that it means something has to Shalem not good so then he is allowed to fast on Shabbat but since we have a law that you're not allowed to fast on Shabbat he should choose another day during the week and fast another day for the fact that he had to fast on Shabbat but under normal circumstances we don't fast on Shabbat unless it's Yom Kippur and therefore we're not supposed to fast even half of the day it's considered a fast if you didn't eat anything until midday Jewish time which is now around 1:00 p.m. sometimes it's 12 p.m. so therefore if you're waiting for your husband to come from synagogue and he's delayed you shouldn't wait more than midday and therefore you should make your own kaduche and eat something and the same thing for men they should not delay coming home until after midday and the prayer shouldn't continue past that if they're making huge they can finish right before make adieu sheet and then they can continue socializing but if they don't have collision with synagogue and after the prayers he wants to talk or he wants to learn he should not do it past midday however if before he left to synagogue he had coffee or he drank some water with that already He fulfilled the obligation not too fast and that's okay and yes keep in mind that we're gonna have three meals on Shabbat plasma lava Malka and therefore don't overeat by each meal Friday night don't overeat because it's not good to eat before you go to sleep Shabbat day don't overeat because you have sued Ashley she sued actually she don't overeat because you have me lava Malkin and of course my lava Malka don't overeat because it's not healthy to overeat yes you put it on the bone that basically connects your spine with the skull the first bone after your skull that's called the the loose and it's kind it says that this bone is the one that is used by Hashem for resurrection and that it feeds only from me lava Malka and from this wine that we we make half-dollar with you can put it on the eyes you can put it anywhere again besides the bone loose it serves as a reminder memory of Shabbat to bring Shabbat with you into the week if you if you fell asleep and you missed a third meal and it's already 13 minutes past sunset you can do anything you missed it if you wake up and it's already a few hours after Shabbat you still didn't miss half dollar you can still make half dollar the full half dollar until the morning but if it's already the morning let's say you woke up the next morning Sunday morning then you still have to make half dollar but without candles candle the bracken candles we only say fry a boat say shabbat saturday night anytime once it's dawn once it's after dawn that's too late to make the blessing for fire okay and now briefly about prayers on Shabbat what every prayer of Shabbat is different unlike weekday where all three prayers are the same Friday night will say one Shabbat day another and Mincha a third one and plus we say Mustapha now what if a person is praying Friday night shabbat prayer and they forgot and they started their weekday prayer so then he can still finish the blessing and then start the Shabbat prayer the first three blessings and the last three blessings are the same the middle blessings are different so if by mistake he started saying the middle blessing and he caught himself finish the blessing and then go to Shabbat prayer this is true for the three regular prayers Friday night Shabbat morning and Mincha afternoon prayer but Musab since it's an additional prayer it has a different set of laws and therefore there wherever you are if you catch yourself just stop right away even in the middle of the blessing and switch right away to Shabbat middle blessings so for example if after after akela Kadosh you started saying at Ahonen once you say the word horn and you started the weekday blessing if you only said the word Atta you can still switch to Attica - - or at I had by Friday night and min ha Shabbat day Shabba Shabbat morning it right away starts with a new word it starts with E smash Michele so if you say Atta that's too late you have to finish the blessing because once you started the first blessing at a phone then you have to finish the blessing and then start isthmus Michele or Friday night italki - 2 or 4 min ha Atari ha now women are allowed to pray all prayers the custom of women not to pray Mousavi but if a woman wants to premise up she's allowed to any questions about what we learned so far now we're going to spend a few minutes about speaking to an non Jew on Shabbat we're not allowed to ask a non Jew to do anything that we ourselves are not allowed to do whether it is Torah prohibition or a rabbinic prohibition if you cannot do it yourself you cannot ask a goal and in most cases you cannot even hint to a non Jew in fact if a non Jew does work for you on his own you didn't ask him it still is forbidden for you to derive benefit from his work yes yes and therefore if you have a cleaning lady she can still come however she can only do things that you would be allowed to do like washing dishes since you are allowed to wash dishes on Shabbat so she's also allowed to wash dishes on Shabbat you can sweep the the floor she can also sweep the floor but she wouldn't be able to do things that you cannot do like like yes if she is hot and she wants to turn on a see for herself she can but to do it for you she cannot on Shabbat you're allowed to sweep the floor washing the floor is more of a problem but sweeping the floor is allowed in the olden times they had they had brooms that would break and they need because of that they need a special broom for Shabbat but nowadays we don't have that issue most brooms are not made from natural fibers and it and it's fine you're not supposed to put your baby by the light switch and and hint or instruct or push his hand if ya ya don't even put him next to it if if the baby by himself goes and turns the light on or off that's fine but you should not cause him to do it position and they upon themselves decide to wash them to use the dishwasher so ideally you tell them not to use vacuum cleaner and not to use dishwasher they can you they can turn on hot water because the the reason why the turning on hot water is just to make it easier on their hands so they're doing it for themselves not for you the dishes can be washed as well with cold water maybe it's gonna take more time if she decides to turn on the dishwasher and you just were not watching okay you don't have to stop her but ideal it's just not the right thing for appliances to be working on Shabbat no no we're gonna yes we're going to learn about rules when you're allowed to hint turn on you when you're allowed to actually say what you need to Anand you but under normal circumstances in most cases you're not allowed to say you're not allowed to hint and even if they do it on their own you're not supposed to derive benefit from yes you you should not continue yeah you should you should turn it off if you if you notice that from week to week your children are making mistakes and there's playing with the light or the turning hot water so then either tape the light close the light or turn off the the bulbs or if you have a light switch where you can pull on it and turn it off and then they're not gonna be able so do that if you know that it's gonna happen plan for it and the same thing with hot water if you know you your children like to play with water so turn turn off the the faucet underneath the the sink yes if you live in the we're gonna I'm gonna say it briefly but we're gonna say it again when we learn about it if you live in a private house you shouldn't use hot water on Shabbat if you live in an apartment building where the majority of people are non-jewish you are allowed to use hot water because we assume that at any given time somebody already opened hot water for themselves and therefore you can benefit from but if you live in a Jewish building then you cannot rely on it majority there has to be a majority of people using that boiler have to be non-jewish your proximate yes it's a it's a it's a leniency because we're not sure we're not sure maybe nobody is using it yes you're allowed to wash dishes on Shabbat if you think you might need them yes and you're allowed to you wash cups whenever because you we always need to drink we don't have a set time for drinking for meals we know we have these specific meals and if we finish let's say the third meal and I'm not planning to eat anymore so I'm not washing any dishes with cups I always might need a drink and therefore you're always allowed to drink to wash cups since we're not allowed to prepare on Shabbat for weekday if you know for sure that these dishes I'm not gonna use on Shabbat and the only reason why I'm doing it is to prepare for for next day that's not allowed however if let's say you're worried that insects might come and then it becomes your Shabbat need or if you have no place to put dishes and you need to use the counter or you need to use the sink so then you're allowed to wash the dishes and dry them and put them away so that you have space to work but again if your intention is to make your job easier mode say Shabbat or Sunday then you're not supposed to wash dishes ideally you should read about how to let go of things how not to worry about things how to become and focused on what's important in life but if nevertheless it bothers you that particular Shabbat you can yes if it's for a for a mitzvah you can otherwise it's better to enjoy Shabbat and and do it afterwards we're gonna speak more about washing dishes and using hot water in later classes yes it has to be a sponge that doesn't absorb water so that when you pick it up without squeezing all the water is going to naturally drip out the soap has to be any liquid soap and it can either be a rubber sponge or they have special sponges that inside that doesn't have the same material as a regular sponge or you just put on gloves and use your gloves without a sponge you're saying because that sponge doesn't absorb oh you're saying that the plastic with thread yes so that makes sense that if you pick it up no water stays if there are some droplets that's okay what do we mean is that when you squeeze it the whole stream comes out yes thank you we don't shower on Shabbat in hot water if you want to shower in cold water you could use that sponge yes in general it's a separate law for not showering in hot water on Shabbat parts of your body you could wash with hot water on Shabbat and if necessary you could use that particular sponge that doesn't absorb [Music] for example for example let's say you have an earned we're going off the topic but if you you have an urn with hot water you take a little bit water hot water you add some cold water you make warm water and then you need to you can wash parts of your body ok now continuing with with asking a nun joke even before Shabbat I cannot ask a nun Jew to do something for me on Shabbat and that answers your question if it's a cleaning lady and I instruct her before Shabbat come on Shabbat and do this this I'm not allowed and even if she knows on her own I don't have to tell her at all still she's not allowed to do things that I'm not allowed to do unless she's doing it for herself she is opening hot water for herself that's fine she's turning light on because it's dark in a room that's fine and then you can use that light because she turned it on for herself if you tell her sweep and without you noticing she grabbed a vacuum cleaner and she vacuumed that's ok ideally tell her not to use it but if she did it anyway since there is a permissible way to do it just with a broom if she grabs the vacuum cleans okay but you cannot tell her to do it also if she decides to wash the floor you don't have to stop her because there is a permissible way of washing floors on Shabbat and that is by first sprinkling the water on the floor and then just wiping it with dry cloth and even though she doesn't opposite she first makes the cloth wet but that she's doing it for herself just to make her life easier instead of sprinkling and then wiping yes you're not allowed to tell her to wash the floors but if you just tell her to clean up and sweep and she decides to wash it that's fine all you can tell her was the floors by spraying some water and then wiping it and if she decides to not listen and and to squeeze this the the schmatta then you don't have to stop her I heard that it's your pain that by the hour that's a good point that with cleaning lady that comes on Shabbat dawn of course you cannot pay her on Shabbat itself and even after Shabbat don't pay her per hour for Shabbat just pay her a general amount for the time that she spent not only on Shabbat but on a weekday also so if she stayed after Shabbat for now or she came before Shabbat for now pay her the whole amount at once not per hour for Shabbat okay what if you have a sick person in the house so then we're lenient and you're allowed to ask a non-jew to do something for you now here it depends if the individual is lightly sick or very sick if he is a little bit sick you're allowed to you allow to ask a non-jew to do rabbinic prohibition on Shabbat what is a rabbinic prohibition on Shabbat for example moving moccasin moving something that is moksha for example you have a sick patient and there is a candle burning in his room and he can fall asleep so you can ask a non-jew to move the candle as we said last class moving a candle is prohibited as moocs and therefore you can ask the non Jew to do it over for example for for the sick individual yes or for example you need medicine and you don't have so you can ask a non Jew to take money and to go to a store and buy medicine because buying and selling on Shabbat is only rabbinic ly prohibited and even though he might drive but he's doing it on his own he can walk there she chooses to dry that's okay you just tell him can you please leave let's say you go to a neighbor and you say I don't have medicine can you please go for me to a pharmacy and and and and and get me medicine no for that you don't even you don't even have to hint it you can say buy me medicine just don't tell him drive to but you can tell him go because it's rabbinic lepra hibbett 'add for a Jew to do it for a non Jew it's permitted for you to ask them if it's for a lightly sick individual however if a person is very sick for example his whole body hurts or he's in bed or yep then you can ask the non Jew to do anything even a total prohibition openly you can say to turn on fire cook something if there is danger to life then even the Jew himself can do Torah prohibitions on Shabbat so if there is no danger to life you can ask a non Jew to drive to the hospital if there is danger to life then you yourself either call the ambulance or you yourself drive the patient to the hospital if you if you are not sure you're allowed to be stringent just in case to save person's life so when in doubt on Shabbat if it's dangerous or not if you're truly in doubt then you always go in favour of saving a person's life not to use it as an excuse but if there is a doubt I'm not a doctor I don't know I would have to call a doctor or I would have to take them to emergency room to find out I'm allowed to do it because human life comes first yeah yeah as long as the job is gonna be done better then more than one Jew is able to do it for example the person needs the comfort and if both parents come he's gonna feel better so then for dangerously ill person we not only heal him but we also make him comfortable because if he's worried or he is uncomfortable that can cause his condition to deteriorate and therefore even more than one person can escort him to the hospital even though we said at the beginning that a Jew that does not keep Shabbat has a holic status as a non Jew but that does not allow us to treat him as a non Jew he has the for himself the stringencies over non Jew which means if he touches the wine we cannot drink it if you cooks preferably we shouldn't eat it however we cannot ask them to do anything because then we are actually causing the Jew to transgress yeah if if you have relatives that want to visit you on Shabbat and you're worried that they're not gonna walk so then you have to first tell them you're welcome to come for us for the entire Shabbat come Friday before Shabbat we have room by us or by neighbors and stay Fontana but if they say no no it's ok we're gonna come Friday but we're gonna live on Shabbat that's ok because you are telling them come and stay I'm gonna have everything ready for you if you change your mind you can stay but that only works for Friday night because they can come before Shabbat but if they tell you no we're gonna draw on Shabbat or Fri Shabbat morning then if you know for sure they're gonna drive then you cannot tell them and the same for holidays if you don't know if there is a chance that they will walk and when they walk there is a chance they will walk back as well or if they drive before Shabbat and this chance they'll stay as long as there is a realistic chance that they're not going to transgress because of you you're allowed to invite them however if you know that for sure they're going to transgress then you're not allowed to invite them if they come by themselves that's a different story you don't have to change them out you can still welcome them and feed them and try to keep them by you as long as possible so that they don't drive back and encourage them to stay or to walk back and maybe offer to escort them all the way to their home and even if they decide to drive that's not your fault because they came on their own now another leniency we have with asking a non Jew is the first 13 minutes after sunset on Friday night 13 1 3 and that is the time that considered Danish Michoud twilight period during that time we are allowed to ask a non Jew openly if we need something for Shabbat for example you forgot to turn on the light to turn off the oven to take out the bulb in the refrigerator so you can quickly during those 13 minutes even if you lit already candles even though it's after scare you can quickly go to a neighbor and ask them to come and do whatever you need openly without hinting yes yeah just as an aside I'm gonna stop with new information now we're gonna finish speaking to a non-jew next time and we're gonna next week go into already the 39 melech or the 39 forbidden labors on Shabbat and the next five classes this is class number three next five classes we're going to spend on the 39 Mela hot so to answer your question you're supposed to light candles 18 minutes before sunset and then if you didn't have a chance to do that you still have those 18 minutes to light ideally you light before 18 minutes before 18 minutes before sunset but with the Avadh you can still use those 18 minutes 30 minutes is after sunset yes yes just make sure not to confuse candle lighting time with sunset skier if your calendar shows the time for skier then right at that time and all you can no longer light yes because that period is considered twilight after 13 minutes there are already many opinions that hold that already night began which means Shabbat began after sunset we have some opinions that hold that the new day began so for Shabbat were strict for rabbinic laws if necessary you can still be lenient within the first 13 minutes because you have various opinions but after 13 minutes already most opinions say it's Shabbat for sure and therefore we cannot be lenient anymore after 13 minutes of course just like we said you should keep Shabbat as long as you can moti Shabbat so too you should accept Shabbat as early as you can before Shabbat for Ashkenazim it's an hour and 15 minutes before sunset was fighting there may different opinions anywhere from hour and 15 minutes before sunset to 40 minutes before sunset so to be on the safe side you can light candles and pray evening prayer and except Shabbat 40 minutes before sunset and that's the custom in Jerusalem that they light candles 40 minutes before sunset yeah so we spoke about last week and I'm gonna add one more detail since garbage is considered something that you don't want around you're allowed to take it out from your house to the outside however once you take it out of your private domain you can only continue carrying if there is a roof if there is a roof in your area you can put it in a place that you want if you live in a building on when you open the door the light goes on so you cannot put it in that room so according to the more strict opinion for safari you need majority of the area surrounded with a roof to be surrounded by a wall and a real enclosure and here in Queens we have that in Forest Hills and rego park and parts of Q Garden Hills you are on the border so I don't know if you fit in but on the website on on the bid Gabrielle website you have a map of the a roof that is culture even for Safari and that approximately goes from Woodhaven Boulevard until Grand Central Parkway and it goes from Li II until Union Turnpike and and that is because these highways are either above ground or on the ground and that forms a wall majority of it has to be covered by a wall and then the minority we can use the string and according to a more lenient Safari the opinion we can rely on the ashkenazi a roof and therefore those that need they can be lenient and rely on the regular Queens a roof even outside and those that are strict at least in Forest Hills Rica Park there is a roof here ashkenazi a rule yes leave it up to the rabbi in charge in charge of the a rule and he knows the laws and and there is a hotline or group messaging that that tells you before Shabbat if it's up or down yeah so if you see that something happened to a roof then you have to stop caring but you don't have to tell others yeah so since this is a rabbinic law since this is a rabbinic law and they're doing it with understanding that it's kosher you don't have to inform them but whoever knows they have to stop [Music] yes so if necessary you you say but you just don't have to announce it not that you are forbidden okay yes we mentioned this during the first class that if you accept it Shabbat but other people in your family didn't yet you are allowed to ask them as long as it's before sunset whether your husband or your children yeah if they yes if yeah if they didn't actively accept Shabbat you can ask them before sunset no the little thick is anything less than being bedridden or the entire body hurts if the entire body hurts or he has severe pain that he cannot handle or severe headache person cannot function normally that's that's severe if he can function normally just he has a cold he's sneezing his allergy that's that's little yes so a little bit sick you can ask a non Jew for rabbinic prohibitions bedridden or entire body hurts a person cannot function normally you can ask the non Jew to do anything alarm so is there way to shut it off yes so so in this case we say that it is permitted because if you don't do it if something does happen you're not gonna know so you need to first reset it and then it's gonna be active again yeah if you don't risk your you allowed to shut it off because it's dangerous if you don't because let's say it was a false alarm yeah if you don't shut it off and right now it was false there was no problem but let's say there will be an hour or two later let's say you put your earplugs in but now there's gonna be smoke or fire or carbon monoxide you're not gonna know because the alarm continues to ring and you don't know to differentiate between one and the other so it's dangerous and therefore you can reset it okay it's yes so if your fuse blew and therefore electricity went out so it depends yeah so if it's things that you don't need you cannot ask non-jew we have a an additional would have an additional leniency that I didn't speak about yet is that if it's for Mitzvah for few people not just one individual but for a few people you're allowed to ask a goal you cannot do it yourself for sure not but you can ask a non Jew to do it if it's for the whole family not for an individual if it's for an individual we tell the individual go somewhere else but if it's for a few people or community public then you're allowed to ask a non Jew to do it so those parts of the lights that or electricity that that that is necessary for Shabbat Mitzvah like you need to eat this the meal you need the light to be able to enjoy the meal so you can ask preferably there is an additional leniency if you ask one one non Jew to ask another non Jew this way you're not directly asking a non Jew but another non Jew is asking this non Jew so if you have that possibility you go to someone's house and there's let's say mother and daughter you ask the mother to tell the daughter to go and help you so if possible if you're already asking the non Jew to do something for you on Shabbat try to do it asking one Andrew that should ask another one or another non Jew [Music] No if you yes we're going to speak about it more next time if you open so you have to ask a non Jew to come and close it yes okay Shavua Tov you