Rabbi Binyamin Yuhanan - Step into the Shabbat Home Part 6

[Music] today we're going to continue with a few of milla hot of Shabbat we will cover bore air that's going to be the the largest one and a few smaller ones so first let's start with maracas called me mehek me magic means spreading this was used for processing the hides they would spread a thin layer of fat or some other substance so the the Malacca according to Torah that is forbidden is taking a salad and spreading it thinly over a surface so that is prohibited that is why for example we're not allowed to shine shoes on Shabbat because you take a choux paste and you spread it onto your shoe and and you want the paste to benefit the shoe and therefore it is prohibited now practically in our house we deal with shoe polish we deal with hand cream and we deal with toothpaste and with some foods so let's go through each one shoe polish we already said it's forbidden hand cream similarly if it is thick you're not supposed to spread it on your hands if it's liquidy and what is liquid if you pour some on your own on any plate or any surface and you tilt it and it runs down that's considered liquid if it stays in one blob then it is considered solid so if you have a cream that is very liquidy you can use it on Shabbat if it's thick you cannot therefore if you need to put some some lotion on your hands the best thing is to use oil whether it is olive oil avocado oil or any other oil that is liquid but not cream there's a separate issue with cream or oil and that is we're not supposed to do medicine on Shabbat a person who is lightly sick is not supposed to take tablets or pills on Shabbat and that is because of a different melaka and that is grinding not supposed to grind on Shabbat that is too hen which you take a a mass and you break it into small pieces so the rabbis forbade one to take medicine on Shabbat for lightly sick person because in the olden times and now it's becoming more popular that we make medicine ourselves from herbs and we're not allowed to grind herbs to prevent you from forgetting that it's Shabbat and grinding herbs that I was forbade you to take Edinson even if it's the kind that is prescription even if it's made in the lab you cannot make it at home but still it's one general decree not to take medicine on Shabbat so reminding yourself that I'm not allowed to take medicine you will remember that it's Shabbat and you'll remember that I'm not supposed to grind herbs so similarly putting oil on your chapped hands is considered medicine you're healing yourself which you're not supposed to Shabbat the only way you can is if it's a normal behavior for you which means let's say you put oil on your hands all the time let's say throughout the week a few times a week you use normal for you to put oil or if your hands are not really chapped they're fine but you just want to prevent them from drying so you put oil before they're chapped that is okay so again either if you used to putting oil on your hands just to keep them moist or if the if the hands are not chat but if your hands are already chapped and it's obvious the only reason why you put in oil is not for comfort it's not just for pleasure to have soft hands but rather for healing that is a problem and that you would only be able to do if it really hurts you so much you do you cannot function so keep it in mind and in now we're entering winter months get used to applying lotion to your hands just to keep your hands not so chapped so that on Shabbat you can apply oil because they are not chapped you're just doing it for prevention or apply once in a while oil so it's going to be normal for you to apply oil not for medication but rather for comfort we said a few times that the rabbi's made certain decrees to help us not to transgress a Torah law even though or immediately we're allowed to take my according to total we're allowed to take medicine but the rabbi's said if you do something that you will cause you to forget and you will transgress the Torah law will put a fence around it and artificially forbid you so that we can protect you and and usually rabbinic laws are welcomed by people because people realize that I don't want to send I don't want to make a mistake for example if once in a while you forget and you turn the light switch on or off on Shabbat so you put a fence you install a special plastic cover on your light or you put tape over your light before Shabbat so that you protect yourself so - we put black on fire so that we don't forget and start cooking every time we want to put something on fire oh we have a blood I am reminded that it's Shabbat and we actually want the rabbi's to protect us and this is one example of protection and it used to be that people were wondering for the past let's say 50 years they were wondering whoever makes their own medicine at home but in the last 10-15 years it became popular they sell all kinds of herbs natural remedies that you actually have to prepare it at home and so we are coming back and so we see this is an example where the rabbi's make make a decree and even though for a period of time it doesn't apply but we should still keep it because time may come again when it will apply so the next example of memory may mehek spreading is toothpaste so this is a subject of a melaka dog argument most opinions say that you're not supposed to use toothpaste on Shabbat because you're spreading it you're taking something that is thick like cream and you're spreading it on your teeth there are some that permits some safar the opinions that permit it and for somebody who doesn't have any other way and he must brush his teeth you can permit them to brush teeth with toothpaste but of course preferably one should use mouthwash so you just take a little bit of mouthwash in your mouth and then you put in empty toothbrush and just brush with mouthwash that's that's true anything you do with your mouth is considered part of eating right here you're not doing it with your mouth you're doing it to your mouth you do it with your hand and it's not eating you're actually doing oops what what potentially could be melaka so again you can either brush your teeth with your finger or with to a toothbrush with just water or toothbrush with mouthwash and as the last resort if somebody doesn't want to do any of the above you can allow them to use toothpaste because there are some who allow toothpaste and the reason is they say this is a bit opinion for our weather yourself the reason for this difference is that they say when Torah forbids us to spread something that is only if we want that thing to stay there for example the shoe polish we want to spread it over our shoes and we want the Polish to stay for example cream that we spread over our hands we want the cream to protect our hands and to stay as opposed to toothpaste we don't want it to stay on our teeth it's a temporary thing we do spread it but temporary and we wash it away right away and because of this he rules leniently that you can use it so again if there is no other choice you can use it but preferably use liquid toothpaste or mouthwash similarly soap you take bar soap according to most opinions you're not allowed to use bar soap on Shabbat because you take in something solid and you're spreading it over your hands Udrih rather soaps should be liquidy however according to a writer yourself he applies the same logic since we don't want soap to stay on our hands we rather want to wash it off right away in cases where you don't have any other soap and you must use soap you can use bar soap according to RIT yourself but of course preferably to cover other opinions you should use liquid soap we have a rule that spreading the millah how spreading doesn't apply to food and therefore if I want to spread butter on my bread on Shabbat I'm allowed to do that if I want to spread avocados on my bread or cream cheese on my bread or peanut butter on my bread all these are permitted now let's give some examples of two-hand grinding we said that grinding herbs is not allowed similarly crushing and grinding coffee beans is forbidden or crushing spices or salt and of course grain into flour all these are examples of forbidden grinding on Shabbat however we can crumble bread or matzo because we have a rule no grinding after grinding since bread and crackers and matzo are made from flour which was already ground I'm allowed to crumble them second time and it is permitted to chop vegetables grinding is not allowed but cutting is permitted so as long as it's for immediate use I'm allowed to cut vegetable salad even small pieces however it is better to cut it slightly larger than on a weekday so if 100 on a weekday you you try to chop it finely whether it's cilantro or cucumbers on Shabbat chop it a little bit bigger and same with garlic you shouldn't crush garlic but you should you can chop it up finely as long as it's a little bit bigger than on a weekday for sure before Shabbat you can do everything so that's a good question if I'm cutting up or peeling let's say peeling onion and garlic I'm not supposed to keep it overnight but that's only if it's raw without any ingredients as well as soon as I put any ingredient like salt oil mayonnaise anything spices the prohibition doesn't apply anymore so if you do need to save garlic or onion overnight just put it in a plastic bag sprinkle some salt on top or sprinkle some oil on top and then it's permitted yeah vinegars also find any ingredient next is we're allowed to mash banana or avocado with a spoon or a fork you can but but it should be close to the meal it should be within half an hour of when you're planning to eat it and it's also preferable not to do it with the regular side of the fork but rather with to turn the fork to its side and or a spoon on its side and chop it up like that that's preferable or with a knife yes you're not supposed to use potato masher because this is a utensil that's designed for grinding for still it doesn't yeah it doesn't depend on you to sense people is designed the masher is designed for this work even if you don't use it so again on on Shabbat you can use a fork or a spoon because we can see the sports spoon or fork not a utensil that's designed for it so you're permitted to use it for mashing banana or potato or avocado but it's preferable to use side of it this is considered a an unusual way and that's even better now same saying the the either you have skin on or if you peel garlic or onion just add a little bit salt vinegar or oil and then you can save it for next day the prohibition of grinding applies to things that grow from the ground therefore there is no prohibition to chop up very finely cheese or meat so if you need to mash or cut finely cheese or meat it's not a problem and you don't even have to do it close to meal let's say you want to make salad with pieces of meat or salad with pieces of cheese in it you can chop them up finely even in the morning for stew - legit as opposed to vegetables you should only do it within half an hour of the meal chop them small or you can also use the egg you know the slice say you put it on and you press the cover it cuts it into small pieces or where you put the egg and it has little knives and it cuts it into small pieces that's also permitted for egg or meat or cheese for vegetables not you should only use a knife not an instrument you can use peeler to peel vegetables you can chop them up because it's yeah when you chop it finely it looks like grinding so we allow to cost a meal and preferably you should do it with a shoe not with the utensil that's design for it with a spoon fork or knife and preferably with in an unusual way with a side of a fork or a spoon okay yes because vegetables have a separate prohibition of grinding meat anything doesn't grow from the ground doesn't so we treat little more lenient yeah just because when you chop something finally it looks like grinding and therefore when when you do it to something that grinding applies vegetables then we're more careful yes on shabbat safari abuse peelers Ashkenazim don't ok next melaka is miracle which is sifting we're not allowed to sift flour we sift in order to separate what is not good from what is good and a sifter is considered a utensil so you cannot use sifter to sift flour of course flour we don't use on Shabbat anyway but if you need to sift anything else that would not be allowed now the question is we're not going to have too many applications for this on Shabbat because things we use sifters for we cannot use on Shabbat we don't bake we don't mix cement and things like that so I'm only going to mention actually the permitted things that are exceptions to this melaka for example you have salt shaker and people put rice into the soul shaker to absorb moisture so that the salt flows freely doesn't clump together so some raise the question if I shake the salt shaker the the holes in the cover form like a sieve and so when I shake it I'm actually sifting salt salt goes through and rice stays behind some say therefore you should not use such a salt shaker but for us it's permitted because again you're in your intent is not separating rice from salt the the rice isn't is a normal part of the mixture the the holes in a salt shaker are small not in order to stop rice but rather to sprinkle salt evenly similarly you make tea with tea leaves in a teapot and tea pot inside has little holes to stop the tea leaves from coming am I allowed to use the teapot to pour tea for myself because by pouring the tea I'm separating water from the tea leaves so here again it is permitted even though it does look like a sieve and the last example is can I remove a tea bag from tea even though tea bag is is made with fine holes that keep the the tea leaves inside and only allow the water to drip out so therefore some like Ashkenazim don't take out tea bag from the tea they rather use a spoon to pick it up from the bottom but for Safari that is permitted to take out the tea bag from the tea [Music] yes yes but it's preferable to to wash each fruit separately not to drop fruits into water because it's also considered we're going to learn next about Malacca of bore air milonov border when you separate good from bad and in one way to separate large quantity is to put a lot of fruit into a bucket of water and then all the sand stones and is going to go down and all the leaves are going to go up so it's more a commercial more a large-scale washing and separating so for example if you have grapes you shouldn't put them into a bucket of water but but rather wash them separately in your hands okay next is I'm covering quickly the small Miller hot and then we're going to go to the big one Korea which means tearing where we we're not supposed to tear a garment for example if you plan to sew it for example let's say that the tailor didn't do a good job and you want to tear the garment on the seam and then sew it in a different place so such tearing is forbidden according to total in our homes we usually deal with tearing packages where the boxes or plastic or paper and another problem that may exist there is that you may be tearing letters which may be a different Malaka of erasing or letters so is that a problem for for askew NASM it is a problem tearing boxes opening containers they try to do it from before Shabbat but for safar them we're allowed to tear food packages but if somebody knows in advance how much they're going to need and what exact food they're going to need it's better to tear them before Shabbat but on Shabbat whatever you need you can open a bottle any kind of bottle any kind of can and any kind of package or box label on clothing that let's say something that something that does not make the the garment wearable but rather the garment you can wear anyway and just let's say the cleaners they forgot who knows the label from the cleaners and you forgot to remove it before Shabbat that you can take off because you can still use the garment from before with it but the forbidden kind of tearing is let's say you gave it to a laundromat and they saw it with the temporary stitches your garment that it shouldn't unravel shouldn't get creased so since you cannot wear the garment when it's temporarily solved so such a thing you cannot tear or for example you have sometimes the pockets of suits are sewn together so something like that you cannot open because right now it's unusable and if I open it it will become usable but a tag that's hanging I can cut it with a knife or or pull it off you can wear something new on Shabbat as as long as it was you were able to wear it the way it is without any change so then you can remove the price tag or laundry tag so yeah opening a package or an envelope on Shabbat is not recommended if it would be recommended it's only for things that you actually need for Shabbat right if it's something that's for the next day and you're just excited and you want to see then you cannot open it so there are basic two conditions it has to be needed for Shabbat and it has to be something that arrived in your city from before Shabbat in New York City if it was a regular package you assume unless it was a one-day shipping you assume it was here yesterday already before it was delivered but if it was overnight or if it was one-day shipping from amazon then you assume it flew in from out out of city limits and then you shouldn't open it on Shabbat with letters also it used to be that we were allowed to open a letter because letters sometimes contained important information sometimes even information that could save someone's life for example you receive a letter from your friend or distant relatives that are far away and they tell you we need your help come quickly then there were no phones no telegrams no email so the only way to inform you was to send a letter and it may be very important for you to know this information on Shabbat and since you don't know what's in a closed envelope we were allowed to open any envelope that you have suspicions that it may be important information nowadays we don't send important information in the mail urgent information we send it in email or any other form of communication that's much faster and therefore nowadays there is no reason to open mail to envelopes letters on Shabbat [Music] so again if there is a roof if there is a roof than the packages that outside of your door are within your domain then it's not a problem but the problem may be if the this package was delivered from outside the town if it was delivered from outside of your city then it is a moccasin besides a roof problem it smokes a you can kick it with your foot but you cannot pick it up with your hands in such a case that that's the general rule from Luke said that I am allowed to move MOOC say in an unusual way not with my hands but with another part of my body or with a broom yes it's better to use either a knife or by hand because scissors are designed for cutting something to precise size okay now another example of tearing some yogurt containers come in packs of two or in packs of six or four can I break one off here it's more problematic because there is perforation usually so preferably you should do it before Shabbat but if you didn't do it before Shabbat you're allowed to do it on Shabbat but again if you know that you may use this item on Shabbat do it from before Shabbat and maybe even have a habit of opening packages and and breaking the yogurt tags and other snacks from before Shabbat what about erring on letters so Ashkenazim rule stringently and they are very careful to cut between worlds falsify them it's permitted because again your intent is not to break the world in half you're not erasing anything so you can rip the package of chips or any other snack even if it goes on letters what about cake with letters on it can I cut it so here there is a difference between letters that were baked into the cake from the material that the cake is made of for example you have cookies tea biscuits and on them you have words written so since it's made from the dough itself it's permitted it's part of the cracker or cookie or cake and I can cut it it's not considered writing because it wasn't written on top it was baked into that shape from the beginning as opposed to cake that I write on with cream on top that's considered writing and therefore I shouldn't cut let's say birthday cake that was written after it was baked I should cut between words or I can cut off the whole top layer with the word and put it separately on a plate and then just cut the cake afterwards yes because anything you do with your mouth eating is considered part of normal eating and that's permitted whether it's bore air we're going to learn later or this cutting letters since you're biting into it that's permitted even though you're biting a letter or part of the letter off that's fine and similarly we said like you mentioned you can suck out juice from any fruit if it's going directly into your mouth that's fine yes yes because you're cutting off the entire layer so it doesn't break them because them the material they are written on comes off with it and as I mentioned before you can open any battles where the metal cap plastic cap Ashkenazim a strict and preferably for Safari you should also try to open them before Shabbat but if you didn't you can open them on Shabbat cans with a manual can opener you can open yes even water bath bottles with plastic perforations anything for food to get to food you can open sardines and tuna yes we are more lenient so we allow you to open the open the the tunic and we allow you to open sardines yes yes even though it's preferable not to yeah if it glass contains not a problem at all moral problem is the metal container the question is whether you are creating the container or the container existed already before glass is a container that existed from before so that's that's for sure fine once you mentioned glass there is a market whether you need to immerse in the mikveh glass containers if you're planning to reuse them you have jars pickle jars other jars water bottles or any other drink that's glass when I buy it I don't have to bring it to me I can open it and eat the food after it's empty can I reuse the container so Ashkenazim are lenient in this case and they say that since until now it was designed to be a disposable container you use it and then you throw it out by this deciding to use it permanently you are actually changing its status and you are causing it to now be called a real container a long-term use container and it's as if you created it anew and therefore you don't have to bring it to makeup but if items are more strict and they say preferably you should take it to the mikveh if you plan to use it long-term so if somebody can you should follow the more strict opinion somebody who cannot for some reason he has what to rely on on the ashkenazi opinion that allow you to use glass containers without it plastic doesn't need to go to micron as long as some of the original food is there it's like you continue to use it yeah when you buy something in a store you're not really buying the container you were buying the food and therefore as long as the food is there you can use the container okay next is the big topic and that is border separating separating undesirable objects from desirable objects or sorting various items so the way it was done originally was that you had grain and grain was mixed with pebbles and and other other other unwanted items so you had to separate the bad stuff you would take the pebbles out and there were various ways to do it either manually or with special sifters that would either let the grain out keep the stones or as a different kind where that would let the stones out keep the grain so anytime you you remove bad from good it is forbidden under this Malaka so we have three conditions to permit you to separate on Shabbat it has to be good from bad I'm supposed to be separating the desirable objects from undesirable I have to do it by hand not using a utensil and I have to do it for immediate use and immediate use means that I'm going to start my meal in the next half an hour only when all three conditions are fulfilled I can do it for example if I want to remove the shell from the egg since it is attached to the egg it's one unit by removing the shell I'm separating the bat from good so with the egg since the shell is completely surrounded there is no way for me to eat the egg unless I remove the shell so removing the shell becomes like opening the package and if I can do it but because it is similar to borer air I can only do it by hand not if I have a special machine and I have to do it only within half an hour some permit one hour before the meal I cannot do it in the morning and say let me peel all the eggs let me peel all the garlic for afternoon meal or for lunch because that's going to be in a few hours that's not allowed I can only do it by hand for immediate use and good from bad so if I have a salad and certain vegetables on a salad I don't like I cannot remove just those vegetables rather I have to take what I want and leave what I don't want behind one leniency to go round it is if I take the bed out but together with the bed I take a little bit good so if I have something that I don't like in my salad I'll take with the spoon not just that item but a little bit of surrounding material other vegetables so then I'm not really separating that unwanted object is still surrounded by good vegetables so for example if you have you made salad and you see that one piece is rotten so you automatically want to remove it but you cannot remove it or you see that one of the pieces you forgot to to remove the peel the the label on an apple or tomato sometimes there are labels and you forget and you cut it and now it's there in a salad you don't necessarily like that so you automatically go to remove it and you can either remove it so you have to take a spoon and take away another few pieces or at least another couple pieces of cut tomatoes or apples together with the rotten or the piece with the with a label if you can wait since it's a long topic we may cover all your questions in it and just write down your question and if I don't cover it then ask it at the end can I separate something with a spoon or a fork or do I have to use the hand to fulfill the condition that I'm not allowed to use a utensil so here we consider fork or spoon as an extension of your hand and therefore I'm allowed to remove them whatever I need to remove together with with some either the bad together with good or just the good with a spoon or fork also it's only forbidden to remove from the mixture if you have a mixture but if it's not really mixed then there is no problem for example if you have on your plate a piece of cucumber over here and a piece of tomato over here and I don't like the tomato it's not called a mixture because they're not even touching each other they're not mixed together and therefore I can just throw it out or let's say on your plate you were eating chicken and you put some bows on the side of your plate since it's not mixed it's on the side I can just throw the bones away and keep the food because it's not mixed so an extension of that is I can actually create situation when it's not a mixture for example if I have a mixture of spoons and forks and I only need the spoons to put on a table so I can either take out only the spoons or I can just throw the whole bunch on a table and they will get spread out by themselves once they're by themselves and they're not touching each other it's not considered a mixture anymore and then I can remove whatever I don't want because I'm not sorting I'm not separating they're separate already and it applies not only to food but even to objects and therefore if you have toys that are mixed or other small objects that are mixed together I'm not supposed to take out the ones that I don't want I have to take out the ones that I do want and leave the unwanted toys behind so again you cannot separate spoons and forks the way they are you have to create and not a mixture you know you spread it on a towel and then when they're not bunched together they're not mixed together they're spread and they're not touching each other then you can already take whatever comes to hand and then put it in the right drawer or wait until the meal time and then already each particular spoon and fork you can put on the place yes yes because because then you're actually taking out what you want I want a spoon so we're taking out the spoon when you're putting it on the place one more leniency for this is if you have the same item but just different sizes for example you have small apples and big apples and you want to serve apples on on your table so you want to take out the small apples that's okay because the small apples and big apples are considered apples they're both fine none of them are rotten so since it's not considered a mixture mixture is only when you have two items that are distinct that are different in some way here apples are apples and even though the different size that's okay now what about fish can I take out bones from fish before I eat it so Ashkenazim are strict and they never allowed and that's why they customarily eat gefilte fish or they eat fish without bones like Salman or tilapia because that avoids the problem of removing bones for Safari them it depends if I'm eating if I'm separating the bone as I'm eating the fish it's permitted so if it's already in my plate and I don't want to put the piece of fish in my mouth with the bones I want to take the bone out that's permitted because that's normal way to eat fish to take out the bone and then put the meat in your mouth however if I'm still in the kitchen and I want to serve the fish and I want to remove the bones for my guess that I'm not allowed to do because I'm separating bad from good and it's not at the time of eating even if it's close to the meal that doesn't help that's only if you doing good from bad and you're doing by hand and then the third condition is it has to be close to the meal but where you're actually taking bad out of God it's only permitted when it's actually on your plate and you're actually about to eat it so anytime you have a piece that you don't want take a big spoon and take away something with it for example you take a bone and potato next to it and then after it's in a part you can already take the good you can take the potato and put it back what now we mentioned that we can peel on Shabbat isn't peeling seperating bad from good with the utensil knife or peeler so there are two kinds of peels one kind of peel like eggshell or not is where the shell is purely not edible egg shells not shells we don't eat and therefore they're considered bad they consider undesirable and if I have nuts mixed with their shells I have to take out or not I cannot remove the shell however when we peel apples or we peel cucumbers you don't peel just the green part some of the good comes with it you try to peel as thinly as possible especially if your hat on is there but no matter what you do some of the good comes with it and therefore you automatically separating good with the bad and therefore it's permitted completely permitted and that's why we can use a knife and we can use a peeler because it's not considered separating bad from good so shall in preparation for food I can shell the eggs I can shell the nuts but once it's mixed let's say I crush the nuts and now it's mixed I cannot take the shells out I have to take the nut out similarly when I'm peeling the egg as I'm holding the egg in my hand so I need to get to the egg some allowed to remove the peel like the package but if the egg is inside the shells now I have to take the egg out and not the shells and and and just like peeling I'm allowed to cut off a rotten part of an apple or any other vegetable because again when we cut off a rotten part we cut away a little bit of the good as well that just naturally happens like that when I open a date to check if it has any insects inside can I remove the pit and here's similar to removing a bone from the fish since I'm about to eat the date I can remove the pit from inside that is permitted the seeds but usually with Apple you would cut off a piece of the Apple together with it right because it has a hard shell that will get stuck and to cut it off so anytime you cut off a little bit of good that's permitted so avocado I can either peel or I can cut and remove the the pit all that if it's for immediate use is permitted yeah but on Shabbat what would you use the raw egg for or cooked egg you just it's a it's a hard boil a hard boil so you just take with a part that you want and you remove it from for example you have a yolk and egg white some there are two opinions some would say that since they are distinct the yellow is on its own and the white is on its own they're not mixed and they would allow you to do it anyway but according to others no they're still mixed and let's say you want the egg white you would hold the egg yolk and you would remove the white and take it off you take the good and you leave the bad so just to remind you and give you more examples what's the difference between peeling a vegetable where some of the food comes with it like like apples and cucumbers and peeling food that the peel comes off completely without touching the the the food is that if some of the food is removed with it you can do it even long time before the meal so for example you can peel cucumbers a few hours before the meal you can peel apples for your fruit salad or for your children long before they need it however if it's garlic onion nuts or eggs things where the shell the peel comes off clean separate without removing any food you have to do it close to the meal is a half an hour before the meal or according to some 1 hour before the meal probably bananas could be considered something where the peel comes off clean and the fruit is yes so that's a good question for example if you have food where you have solid and liquid an example of that could be yogurt where on top sometimes this is liquid and your children don't want it so can I spill the the liquid if I open the tuna can of sardines and there is a lot of oil I open a herring a container and I want to spill the oil can I do that so according to according to some opinions it would be permitted because we hold that liquids and solids are always considered separate because you can see clearly see liquid and you can clearly see the solid and therefore whenever there is a liquid and a solid I can always pour off the liquid yeah and you can wash the herring why No the there is a concept that if I have salty fish and I pour hot water on it since salty fish is not cooked its raw just salted so it's to consider the raw so I'm not allowed to cook it so I'm not allowed to pour hot water on it if my intent is to make it more edible so if that's what you're referring to then we're not allowed to take very salty fish that right now so salty I cannot eat it and then pour hot water on it to make it edible but otherwise not so that's one idea second idea that Rawat yourself says that when I'm spilling liquid from the container of yogurt what is considered the object that I'm separating is it the water or is the yogurt that I'm keeping in my hand so he says that since the yogurt is the one that I'm taking away with me that's the one I'm actually separating from water the water drips away naturally and I'm separating the yogurt with me so if you use that logic you can apply to other cases where I'm spilling off and it goes to waste and I'm taking with me the object the Ashkenazim I recommend something else and that is don't spill all the liquid spill most of it but but don't wait until it starts dripping spill majority of it and leaved a little bit behind and once you leave him a little bit behind you haven't separated the bad from good whatever extra liquid was floating on top it wasn't mixed in it was on top so the top local you can spill off and whatever is mixed with the food already on the bottom that leave behind that's one option or you can follow the malignant opinion that it's okay to spill liquid away from the salad now another application of this concept is what if you have a fly that fell into your soup has a shallow so Ashkenazim would take away the fly with their spoon together with some soup or tea and this way you take good together with the bed and by the way the tea or the soup remains caution because the fly is so small that you usually have more than 60 times the volume of the fly in your soup ball even if it was very hot that it cooked the fly but but again according to Safari since we hold that solids and liquids don't mix so the fly in your tea or your soup is a separate entity it never gets mixed in hopefully if it would be like hasta war and the fly got in so then mixed then you would have to take some bad with it but since it's in a liquid I can take out the solid away from liquid without taking any liquid with so if you want to pick it up by its leg or wing you can do that you shouldn't use yeah you shouldn't use a spoon that has holes in it if your intent is to just take the solid right that's true that's true but sometimes there are little pieces that are going to fall through so like you know the soup sometimes has little things that are floating and I want to take the carrot out and I don't want those little things so that's first of all second of all if you want to fulfill the opinions of other poor scheme that say that solids and liquids do mix then you shouldn't use the the spoon with holes in it soup from before Shabbat you you pull it on the black before Shabbat for the evening meal and then you just serve it to have soup why not we're not allowed to warm up warm up soup on Shabbat but you're allowed to eat soup on Shabbat so if you consider each fish as separate let's say you put them for flat on a plate so then each piece is not mixed with another piece each one is big enough to be recognizable so it's not consider the mixture but if it's small pieces and they're all one on top of another then it is a problem now don't use any utensil that is designed for separating yeah you can either spill some extra oil not completely just majority of it no no just into the sink you can hold it with a spoon a little bit spill most of it not everything or you can just separate it onto a different plate you can take the herring all to a different serving plate yes and then you can spill out the entire oil one more rule about separating even if you're separating in a permissible way and which means you separating it close to the meal and you're doing it by hand and you're doing good from bad you can only separate the amount that you're planning to eat in the next meal you cannot separate more than you're planning to eat at this meal that's within half an hour to an hour in front of you so if you're making again egg salad don't make egg salad for lunch and 4/3 at the same time because we said that you're supposed to do it for immediate use and if you know in advance that part of it is going to go for later then you cannot if you're not sure it's possible that it will be consumed the whole thing then you can prepare more but if you know for sure that this is for future you cannot do that why not just take the good whatever amount you need to put it on a separate plate so you're not gonna use them anyway whatever you need you're gonna put on one plate and whatever you don't need you're gonna put on a different plate that's okay because once you separate what you need whatever is left is by itself it's not mixed anymore also if I have a mixture of objects I'm allowed to remove what's on top in order to get to what's more on the bottom for example if you have a pile of laundry you're not supposed to fold and separate laundry into drawers but if I'm looking for a particular piece of clothing and I cannot find it it's okay to remove by one by one the items that are not what I'm looking for because I'm not separating I'm just removed I'm just picking up what's on top I'm not separating the bad from the mixture of God right now there is no mixture whatever is on top is not mixed whatever is on top is completely only bad so I'm separating bad from bad whenever we say bad it means unwanted and then when I get to the item that I need now I already pull out the good from bad similarly if you have cream on top of milk this is not as common as it used to be but if you have whole milk and on top it developed a layer of cream I can take a spoon and separate the cream from the top as long as I don't get to the boundary so I can take the cream because I'm taking the unwanted from the unwanted once I get to the boundary of milk and cream now I cannot take the cream above the milk because then I'm separating bad from the good unless I take a little bit milk with it yes whatever is unwanted for you at this moment it's considered bad so you're right at one time you might desire this another time you might desire a different thing whatever you don't want at this moment is considered bad okay and as we mentioned before you because of that you shouldn't soak vegetables and fruits in a bucket because that is more of a large-scale separation of dirt bottom the white stuff to the top no but you can take a whole bunch and wash them in your hands yes so in such a case you should you should prepare it before Shabbat okay now a subcategory of bore air of separating is making butter when you take milk and you turn it you bid it a lot a lot what happens is that liquid separates from the solid the solid sticks together and forms butter so this is again similar to separating the gold the good and the bad and therefore I'm not allowed to take milk and shake it vigorously to create butter that is not allowed similarly I cannot make yogurt also for different reason because usually these things yogurt or cheese are not ready immediately if I start on Shabbat it's going to be usually ready after Shabbat so I cannot make cheese like curdling because by putting something sour into the milk and I cause it to curdle I'm separating the solid out of the milk next the last item is I'm cutting watermelon and there are some pits on the slice the seeds or a lemon so if the seeds are on the surface and I just shake it and they fall off that's okay if I'm now about to eat it so if I don't have to just like with bones of fish I don't have to put it in my mouth and then spit it out I can shake it off or remove it by hand and then take it put it to do in my mouth but that's again only at the time when I'm actually eating it I'm going to stop over here with new material and next week we're going to do a few more small ones and we're going to start cooking on Shabbat warming up food and using the black and returning food to fire yes so coconut oil sometimes is solid sometimes it's liquid so if you take the coconut oil and you put it in a warm place where it melts by itself just like we said you're allowed to take ice and just leave it on the table or put it in your drink and if it melts by itself that's fine so you can take a jar of coconut oil put it near not on top but near the stove near a warm place and slowly it's gonna melt and once it melts you can use it or if you take it into your hand and just keep it in your hand and it's gonna melt in your hand by itself without without rubbing it just keep it in your hand that's gonna melt by itself that's also okay and and by the way we mentioned previously that there are certain glass containers that have roll-on attachment on top so you can take a tiny one five milliliters eight milliliters and you can put your own own oil in them like avocado oil and you can use it as a chapstick on Shabbat this way it's permitted there is no problem with with spreading the the chapstick chapstick you cannot use butt oil you can put and this particular thing you can use for your lips since chapstick is solid you cannot use it on Shabbat to spread it on your lips but you can use oil and something that is roll-on just like a deodorant you cannot use a solid but you can use a roll-on here the same thing you can use your finger with oil yes yeah that you cannot you cannot cut plastic or aluminum foil because you're cutting to size still with toilet paper were more lenient because you go to waste you're not using it for anything permanent as soon as you cut it you it goes to waste but here you're cutting a piece that you're actually going to use so therefore prepare a few cut pieces before or use plastic bags if you don't have tissues or pre-cut you can use toilet paper just try not to cut along perforation and try to hold with an elbow and rip with one hand not with two heads on Shabbat your safe item you're allowed to put hot water into a cup of cold water or you're allowed to put cold water into a cup of hot water yes either way it's fine if it's already in your cup same thing with milk yes if you want to warm up milk you can add hot water directly from the urn onto your cold milk yeah okay yes sure we covered that last week that you're allowed to make ice on Shabbat if necessary if it's hot and you need it you can put water in the containers and freezer so certainly ice cream itself you can do that okay we're gonna stop here yes or liquid yeah lemon we can squeeze into a drink preferably not preferably not lemon is an exception that some allow it to be squeezed into the cup directly but preferably either solid or liquid as always whenever we want to do teshuva you say I I feel bad that I didn't know this I feel bad that I didn't keep it and I take up take upon myself from now on to do things correctly that's the basic - Shiva you acknowledge what you did you feel bad for doing it and you take upon yourself not to do it again and that's it with your to serve our young people erases the sin completely if you can say two-element night you cabbalistic li you're not supposed to say to heal him or any part of the written Torah at night but if a person has nothing else to do and he's gonna waste his time it's better that he should read to helium or read Gamache then doing nothing or way or reading a novel better to lead to healing yes yeah again preferably we try not to but if a person will just not do anything productive that might as well do that the benefit outweighs the after midnight Jewish midnight which right now is 12:45 it changes throughout the year now it's later because any time from when the Sun sets until midnight is considered time of judgment so anything you want to pray for is not the best time after midnight is considered time of mercy so that's why we wake up early or we stay late up to say Slee hot because that's the the best time until dawn and throughout the day is also good that's why you can read the Helaman and learn written Torah after midday and midnight and throughout the day just not from sunset until midnight yes so you you go at your own pace as long as you are committed to get there Hashem is patient so we say that once a person accept accepts upon himself to do a mitzvah Hashem already allows him to go to his own pace to learn the material to review the material to slowly start applying it and get used to it but the commitment has to be there which means you cannot say or it's not for me or yes I learned it but it's too hard or I'm going to do it another time you have to have commitment and you have to try your best to do it and then if it's you forgot or it's just too difficult and you're not there yet so Hashem understands but because of that it's important to review your notes because if you forgot only because you fail to review that then it's your fault if you forgot just because you try to review but something slipped from your mind that's excusable but you we have to review the material yes yes sticker on an apple you can just peel off you can you can either peel with a knife or peel just the sticker yes yes liquids and preferably any food you shouldn't leave uncovered overnight nowadays after the fact we're lenient that if you by mistake left liquids or food overnight you can eat it but to begin with you shouldn't leave anything uncovered not only overnight but unattended as well so whenever possible if you're either put in the fridge or just cover with a napkin with another paper plate when you it's fine because we say that some of the reasons that we're concerned do not apply for example one of the reasons is that maybe in a snake or an insect is going to go and drink from it nowadays maybe an insect sometimes your fruit flies it might fall into your salad and you're not going to know so it's always good to cover food if it's in the refrigerator so you're not concerned about snakes you're not concerned about insects those reasons don't apply but but even if you live in the house just for a few minutes or the room don't leave food or drink uncovered if possible okay we're going to stop here resolution next week is holiday so we're gonna meet after so cold you