DNA - The Genius Design - A Ma Gadlu project

it's body is a miracle of microscopic design tiny perfectly formed organs each made up of billions of perfectly functioning cells these cells are the building blocks of our bodies they make us what we are a hundred thousand billion cells all working in harmony inside every cell is the same extraordinary engine the machine that tells each cell how to grow and what functions to perform DNA is unique to every person a chemical blueprint of instructions that creates each new life if simple water molecules that form ice crystals exhibit magnificent structure consider the design ingenuity behind large complex molecules such as DNA DNA contains the blueprint for all life and is by far the densest information storage mechanism known in the universe for example the amount of information contained in a pinhead volume of DNA would fill a stack of books 500 times higher than from here to the moon think of a cell as being a nano factory a factory where they're on a very small scale digital instructions are being used to make the components of the factory here we have the famous DNA double helix you can see that two helical strands that are intertwined and wind around each other and on the outside of the molecule this is the material that stores all of our genetic information in higher life-forms this will be the equivalent of something like a gigabyte of information stored in the molecules that form the individual chromosomes all packed within the nucleus which is a tiny fraction of the entire cell size so what does DNA do well the information in DNA ends up providing the information for sequencing amino acids to make proteins we have information in a one-dimensional form that provides the information for a three-dimensional form our DNA has information in it and there is a whole field of scientific study called information science which studies how information originates how its transmitted and so on and one of the laws of information science says that information never originates by itself in matter never spontaneously comes about anytime we trace the copying of information back to its source it always it always comes back to a mind and since we have creative information in DNA that tells me that DNA comes from intelligence it's not something that could possibly come about through millions of years of mutations and natural selection I just won't work DNA is a three-dimensional molecule that is self-replicating each molecule is able to make an identical copy quickly and efficiently DNA is a very powerful massive information storage system in fact DNA that makes up our genes actually is like books of information has read by a language system it's absolutely phenomenal and scientists know today that languages are code only come from in intelligence and information only comes from information nobody's ever seen matter by itself give rise to a code nobody's ever seen matter by itself give rise to information in this animation we'll see the remarkable way our DNA is tightly packed up so that six feet of this long molecule fits into the microscopic nucleus of every cell the process starts when DNA is wrapped around special protein molecules called histones the combined loop of DNA and protein is called a nucleosome next the nucleosomes are packaged into a thread the end result is a fiber known as chromatin this fiber is then looped and coiled yet again leading finally to the familiar shapes known as chromosomes which can be seen in the nucleus of dividing cells using computer animation based on molecular research we are now able to see how DNA is actually copied in living sounds you are looking at an assembly line of amazing miniature biochemical machines that are pulling apart the DNA double helix and cranking out a copy of each strand the DNA to be copied enters the production line from bottom-left the whirling blue molecular machine is called helicase it spins the DNA as fast as a jet engine as it unwinds the double helix into two strands one strand is copied continuously and can be seen spooling off to the right things are not so simple for the other strand because it must be copied backwards it is drawn out repeatedly in loops and copied one section at a time the end result is two new DNA molecules DNA in each one of your cells is just 2 nanometers across but around 30 to 40 million nanometers long to keep DNA organized and regulate access to the genetic code it is wrapped around structural proteins to form nucleosomes which are then further organized into fibers called chromatin the chromatin fibers are packaged into gigantic molecular structures called chromosomes we are now pulling away from a chromosome out through a nuclear pore which is a gateway through the nuclear membrane we are zooming back to reveal a cell about to undergo mitosis the nuclear membrane breaks down releasing the chromosomes the chromosomes are arranged in the middle of the cell before being pulled apart with identical sets of DNA going to each side the cell line splits down the middle creating two new daughter cells this visualization isolates a single chromosome at mitosis the chromosome contains two identical copies of DNA each DNA molecule is packaged up into one of the sausage-shaped chromatids sticking out from either side on microtubule fibers from the mitotic spindle used for orienting and guiding the chromosomes to their correct positions the red region is the kinetochore which works as the interface between the microtubules and the chromosome the kinetochore is one of the largest and most complex molecular mechanisms inside living cells with multiple functions to perform the kinetochore is central to the movement of the chromosomes and is able to hang on to a dynamic ends of the microtubules it is also a mechanical tension sensing system which is able to feel if everything is correctly attached and positioned it is also a stop signal broadcasting system sending out chemical signals to the rest of the cell about whether it is ready to undergo separation of the chromosomes this kinetochore has sense that the tension is just right and the chromosome is correctly positioned and attached the last little bit remaining red is the stop signal broadcasting system it is carried away by a dining motor walking down the microtubule away from the kinetochore these are molecular motors involved with a directed transport along the mitotic spindle the orange proteins walking to the left are kinesins molecular motors carrying proteins on their back striding from the kinetochore upon long molecular legs are dining carrying the stop signal broadcasting system and all the kinetic cords are ready the cell transitions into the anaphase stage with the chromatids pulled apart to the opposite poles of the cell so when we find information in the DNA molecule the most likely explanation is that it too had an intelligent source I mean we need engineering principles to understand these systems okay I mean it's only because of our advancements in nanotechnology that we can even have begin to appreciate these systems yet even the DNA molecule is simple compared to cells all life consists of cells and each cell functions as a miniature city when we consider that a human body consists of trillions of cells working together as one unit we should be in humble aw how does that cell know how to build a body with 100 trillion cells in it thousands of different kinds and each one of them is so complex nano chemical machinery beyond our comprehension how it works and encoded is the instruction manual it's the manufacturers manual how to build and operate every part of this incredible body made up of a hundred trillion cells