The Great Jews of Turkistan

Because it's to die and get smart >> [snorts] >> to discuss something it's definitely a digression from what it is that we're learning. Stating that today, as we will see, is very much the day to discuss it. And that is an epic machcar from the great going over my goals. Now this machcar over my goals mentions briefly right here in the safe and it suits say ah half, but it's much more about in a safe or shamus the key new Talmud and it's per you get more pages noon get more noon noon hey and noon and it begins with a year or shall me you shall me is in the sectors color it's per dollar how long you shall we say we shall we not say we say no go yellow the rabbonim the only other in bubble you might freeze into my sisters they used to be my first two months of my sister meaning in bubble at your ball or even a bit lower until the raven came and they were total the end man in the raven you shall be who were the raven that were two months of my sisters in bubble and you shall be a one word answer target money you want to know who they were they were target money twice this in the sectors of after noon to sell but I love quotes this year you shall be that until the raven man in the raven target money came the Indian used to be my first two months of my sisters in bubble they went ahead and they were my battle it and he says target money for my dad you shall be but I twice this did not know what this meant if you take a look in one of the on the side of you shall be the rash Syria he also says that he says what you done says I don't know what this means who exactly were the Royvim and the Gemara asks who were the Royvim and answers Targumanya. But I don't know who the Targumanyu are. So, apparently we were supposed to not know who the Royvim were and Targumanyu doesn't seem to have clarified this issue. In fact, if you look at the Rosh in that same Sugya over there in the fourth perek of Maseches Avodah Zarah, the Rosh has a whole Arichus and he suggests different shotim all a little bit dochak trying to figure out man in on Royvim and the answer to that is Targumanyu. What exactly is going on in the Sugya? If you take a look at the Pnei Moshe on the side of the Yerushalmi, the Pnei Moshe says as follows, Targumanya hein hametargemin acharonim. These were the last metargemin. Targum Yonasan, Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan, right? These were the last metargemin u'vnei Rav Chiya nikra'in kein. And you find that the sons of Rav Chiya were referred to as this, says Rav Reuven Margolios. What does the Pnei Moshe mean? He means the Gemara in Chullin daf chof alef amud alef. The Gemara that we learned together. We learned the Gemara that said that the bnei Rav Chiya said The Royvim should be MEKABEL THAT TRUMAH. RASHI SAYS WHO WERE THE ROYVIM? They were the bnei Rav Chiya. And the reason they were referred to as Royvim is because they were not ohrim. So, says the Pnei Moshe without quoting the Gemara Chullin daf chof, he says you find that the bnei Rav Chiya were referred to as Royvim What the Yerushalmi is saying is that Rav Asi Until the Royvim, the bnei Rav Chiya came and they were mevatal it. They weren't mevatal it because they made like some bad gezera. THEY WERE MEVATAL it because they explained from rayos that you don't have to be mafres trumos u'ma'asros and you shouldn't do it. And man in who are Royvim? Want to know who these Royvim were? Targumanya. They were the people that were the metaturgeman which is like a very nice toy out to have. And the Raven of this very cryptic Yerushalmi is really referring to the Benei Rabbeinu Hayya. Rebbe Reuven Margolies says that with this beer in Man In U HaRaven Targum Yonathan, I think you could be meyashev something that a lot of people uh were very mystified about. This is uh just a little bit of an introduction to this. And that is if you take a look at the Sefer Toldot Tannaim Ve'Amoraim by the entry Hizkiah Turgeman. So, he says as follows. He says that the Sefer Yuchasin and the Seder HaDorot who wrote the bibliographies on all the Sefarim and all the Tannaim Ve'Amoraim, they omitted, they never mentioned somebody by the name of Hizkiah Turgeman. And he brings from all the Hevrah, even Kol HaDorot Rishonim, they all were matmiha on the Sefer Yuchasin and the Seder HaDorot, how you talking they didn't mention, how you talking they didn't mention Hizkiah Turgeman. By the way, just uh by way of history, so the Sefer Yuchasin lived a lot before the Seder HaDorot. Sefer Yuchasin was the classic work in terms of uh going and codifying who all the Tannaim Ve'Amoraim were. The Seder HaDorot was written as a perush on the Sefer Yuchasin. But one of the things he did was is wherever the Sefer Yuchasin missed somebody, he went ahead and he included him. So, the Sefer Yuchasin doesn't have Hizkiah Turgeman and the Seder HaDorot, the classic Ben and he's magiah the Sefer Yuchasin, he doesn't say you missed Hizkiah Turgeman. Okay, so who's Hizkiah Turgeman? He's mentioned in Bereshit Rabbah, it's in Perek Zamekh Heh, Hizkiah Turgeman said a pshat in a pasuk IN MISHLEI PEREK VAV. HIZKIAH Turgeman Amaki Sheva Toyeva is believer Adam Lo Yitzei Toyeva Ahat Ketuvah Toyeva Ketuvah Assur etc. etc. etc. Zog the Toldot us that who be him that all the heaven equals ALL OF THEM. THEY WENT AFTER the Yochsin and they went after the Seder Olam Rabbah. They were wrong for doing it. You know why? Who be him us for all of them and they all made a terrible mistake. They ain't the same >> [laughter] >> because the Hezekiah that's mentioned in that precious Rabbah is not a Hezekiah and it's referred to Hezekiah which I guess when's the last time you saw a drasha that Hezekiah said, right? [laughter] I mean, come on. If you're going to say that he says, I'll tell you why because it's that until the end of Mishlei that's related or that was written by the Anshei Hezekiah. That's what he says. And this possuk that the Medrash over there is explaining is a possuk in Mishlei perek and being that that was written by the Anshei Hezekiah, so the Medrash IS SAYING A P'SHAT THAT HEZEKIAH BECAUSE IT WAS HIM AND his that actually sat down and put this ALL TOGETHER THAT THEY HAD in the in the previous of one of those but either way, everybody went after the Yochsin and the Seder Olam Rabbah but not mentioning Hezekiah. You know what it is? Told us that it's Hezekiah. So, without quoting this whole that we're inserting, so everybody TRIED FIGURING OUT WHO'S HEZEKIAH? SO, I'll tell you exactly who he is. We have a Yerushalmi that says who were the So, Dr. It was the See 28 that they referred to as the What were the names of the Yehudah and Hezekiah? So, HE SAYS IT'S HEZEKIAH. IT'S BASED ON THIS ON THE WHICH IS REALLY BASED on the Maforsha Gemara, Chulin Daf Chaf. If that's the case, you want to know why they didn't have Chizkiyahu. IT'S NOT CHIZKIYAHU [laughter] HAMELECH. COME ON, THAT'S NOT WHAT IT IS. It's Chizkiyahu, the son of the Pnei Rab Chiyah, one of the Pnei Rab Chiyah. Why would he be called Targumana? Um, it's Maforsha Yerushalmi, Maseches Shekalim, Perek Dalid, Halacha Dal. We're just getting started. So, the Migolas that it's interesting throughout Yerushalmi, Rab Chiyah, the great Rab Chiyah is referred to as Rab Chiyah Rubah. He's known as Rab Chiyah Rubah. So, he says, "If you look at the Maforsha Yerushalmi, so they say, 'Why was he called Rab Chiyah Rubah?'" Rubah is Milashon Rabbah. In fact, Shabbos Daf Lamed Ches, Rab Chiyah is referred to as Rab Chiyah Rabbah. The Rambam in the Moreh in a place he talks about Rab Chiyah, he calls him Rab Chiyah HaGadol. And it's because the Gemara referred to him as Rab Chiyah Rabbah. And in Yerushalmi Sprach, Rubah and Rabbah is the same. The Rubah Migolas said, "I started thinking a little bit. If the Bnei Rab Chiyah were referred to as Reuven, then could it be that the reason Rab Chiyah D'Ika was referred to as Rab Chiyah Rubah is Milashon Reuven? And by the way, it would probably be not Rab Chiyah Rubah, but Rab Chiyah Reuver. The Reuven came from Rab Chiyah the Reuver? So, I thought maybe I'm on to something. But then I noticed, "You know who else is referred to as Rubah in Yerushalmi? It's in Maseches Brachos Perek Beis Halacha Zayin, Rab Hoshia." Rab Hoshia is also referred to as Rab Hoshia Rubah. He says, "Take a look in Bereishis Rabbah Perek Nun Alef, where the Medrash tells a story about Rab Hoshia and refers to him as Rab Hoshia Targumana." Says, "That can't be a coincidence that we have a Yerushalmi that says Achashverosh HaReuven, Uman HaReuven, Targumana." And here I I that uh Rab Hoshia is referred to as of Rashi Rabba and he's also referred to as Rashi Targumana. I don't know anyone known as Rubba. I don't know anyone that's known as Targumana. And I have Rashi being referred to as both in Habba Yerushalmi man in Rashi Targumana. And by the way, THE PLAIN MASHA said based on what seems to be Masha Rabba and Habba that who are the Rabba and it's the plain Rabba AND RABBA IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS RUBBA. SO IT SOUNDS A LITTLE BIT LIKE RUBBA AND Targumana it's something inherently to do with each other. But if that's the case, then man in Rashi Rabba like Rashi says Habba they were kids and Targumana because they were metargum. That would be good for the plain Rabba. THE RABBA AND THE TARGUMANA THEY HAPPEN to be children that are not Arum. They also have to be happen to be metargum and but that wouldn't explain Rashi who's referred to as Rubba and is Rabba and is referred to as Targumana. It wouldn't explain why Rabba is being referred to as Targumana. It sounds like there's a little bit more going on over here. Then Masha says the whole Even the way the plain Masha learns every single pella. There's only 15 pella in this Yerushalmi. But every single pella is a pella. I'm going to be Rabba saying Rabba and Masha Targumana that Rabba and Targumana. Man in Rabba Targumana. Man in Rabba and man Who are the Rabba? Who it's the plain Rabba that are the metargum and Masha Targumana. It's just a washing man in and I know it's Yerushalmi. You have to be careful when you the washing of the Yerushalmi. But man in Rabba Targumana it's it's like Masha said Spanish. It's why the Masha said Spanish. It's why the Masha started changing your size. Some switched by the way from Rabba to Rabba to Rabba and it's referring to the Persians and the Persians made a decree against Masha and we know from Masha Rabba that Masha is Rabba right as like a Rabba and the Rabba it it was such a mystery. Everybody was so not sure of what was going on over here, but the bottom line is something something is going on. Zachary Breuer Margolis, I found in a safer. By the way, this is Zachary Breuer Margolis, pun intended, not pulling something out of his hat, but pulling something out of his library. And that is there's a safer that was written in the early 19th century. The safer was called Tfu'os Eretz. It was written by a great guy. His name was Rabbi Yosef Schwartz. Now, just to give you an idea of what prominence this safer Tfu'os Eretz once played, the safer was actually translated into English in the early 19th century by the legendary Isaac Leeser, who was one of the founding fathers of American Jewry. And if you know, you know, he translated what he believed were the very very important critical works into English, so the English-speaking Jews in the early 19th century would be able to understand a little bit the Yiddish guide and have access. Right, he translated the Tanakh. He translated the the Rambam's Ani Ma'amin. This is one of the things he translated. He translated this safer called Tfu'os Eretz. Now, the tachlis of the safer Tfu'os Eretz, the purpose of it was it talks about all laws related to Eretz Yisrael. On page tes zayin in parentheses, this is where Zachary Breuer Margolis is on an island of his own. On page tes zayin in parentheses, the safer Tfu'os Eretz, this great guy Rabbi Yosef Schwartz is bringing this Yerushalmi that talks about being mafshi b'ma'aser b'Bavel b'zman Hazeh. And he brings this inyan b'Reish b'Reish b'Reish in a Reish in Targum Yonasan. So, he says "Lifnei da'ati, I think hakavana of Targum Yonasan is haTurgeman. V'hi uma achzaris v'chofshu Eretz Bavel, v'gozru gzeiros al Yisrael v'nichlu k'im mitzvos. That it's referring to a certain uma. And these people were known as the Turgeman they were a very very very horrible group of people and they laid siege on Babel at the time that Amiram were living there and they were guys of different following this is and I BELIEVE THAT'S WHAT THE TURGEMAN is over there. Ruma goes pulled another safer out of his library. This safer is called Sheva Hochmois. It was written by Yiddish name was Rebbe >> [laughter] >> Chiel Lichtenstein passed away in the year 19 12. Now, this is a safer that was written on all the geographical locations that are mentioned in the Torah and Tanach and this is what it this is. Under the entry of Targumanya by tough says this Yid Rebbe Chiel Lichtenstein. He says that I found many different shotim in this year of Shavuot that talks about Targumanya. He said that the shot that I like the best and that's the reason I'm including this in my geography work is that Targumanya is not referring to metargumin. It's actually a place. WHEN WE CALL THIS and in all of this it's all of this. That's the Rebbe Yosef Schwartz. She he umas Targumanya. It's in Turkistan. That's where it is. Al Yama Caspi by the Caspian Sea. She Eretz Babel they were Eretz Babel and they were the mitzvahs and he goes on and he says that the bitlu yeshiva because Rebbe kid Torah. The hema mishubachin be kiyus and he says if you study world history you know what you're going to find that they were very very famous because there was a talent that these people had that nobody had. They were able to do something better than everybody else. You know what that was? They were kashas. They were archers. Commercial safer Vausky he quotes on Russian historian who wrote a lot about that said this Yid Rebbe Lichtenstein nikru Rebbe. He that's why they were called it's and that that says that says the Lichtenstein in this I believe is what is the archers the machine guns the Blitzkrieg when they came who are them Who ARE THESE ARCHERS THESE ARE THE PEOPLE THAT CAME FROM SAID FROM ALL THE I TASTE EVEN KNOW WHAT IT MEANT HE SAID WE DON'T KNOW WE NEVER HE SAID ALL THE THAT I SAW BASED >> [laughter] >> BASED ON SCHWARZ ABOUT AND BASED ON this story of his first name is like Vladimir or something but the bottom line is based on this person if you put IT ALL TOGETHER I believe that this is THE THAT'S NOT AND THAT'S WHAT'S GOING on over here said that the way that that the Lichtenstein explained was that it was based on it was based on from these that were and it was based on from these people that came from Turkestan by the Caspian Sea to the money which apparently if you study the history of that you're going to become quite acquainted with these people and they're archers and that's the reason that they're referred to as but at the same time this is to say THAT REALLY who are the over here the were the right that's who the the are really the and and why they called so we assume they called because they're not and the you shall man in the who was the and the is that they were based on braces not based on that coming with force and they're doing it. But here's the point. They themselves came from Tigramanya. They themselves came from the place that the Royvim came from, and they're the Royvim. MEANING, LP DARKO THAT THE Royvim are a group of people that came from Tigramanya. Man in who are Royvim Tigramanya? So, the here could be were Royvim who came from Tigramanya, and that's exactly what this is. As a matter of fact, anyone that came from Tigramanya would be known as a Royva. And that's why the here are Royvim because they come from this area. Or also known as a Royva cuz he comes from the same place of Tigramanya. And by the way, is also referred to as Ushiya Royva because Royva Ushiya also comes from this place of Tigramanya. You're going to tell me, where's this place Royva? I'm not so comfortable with this. He says, take a look in the of Gaon. In Gaon's he talks about, you know, the Babylonian Jewry and all the Rash Koluses and the Rash Mesifta's. And he talks about a year whose name was Rav Raboy Mayrov. Say this 10 times. Rav Raboy Mayrov. So, his name was Rav Raboy, right? And where did he come from? He came from a place called Royv. And it's based on the in Sanhedrin 111. The Royv, the city of Royv was Eero Shel Rav Raboy. AND HE TALKS ABOUT in a bunch of places. There was a city that was known as Royv. He said, never heard of this city called Royv. He says, in Iraq that this city of Royv is really Tigramanya. And you want to know what's going on over here. When we say Royv, it's the city of Rubba. That's the Rubba. Not Rabba. That's Rubba, not Rabba. But it's and that came from the place of Tigramanya. And you could learn the Yerushalmi the way want to learn the Yerushalmi. And that is that people not but it's but who are the the banana PEEL CALLED THE REUBEN THEY COME FROM REUBEN AND WHAT IS Reuben man in an arriving Targum Manuel? This is the place where they come from and it's for that reason this is what they would be referred to as. >> [snorts] >> You know, Reuben Margolis says, I found one more Amora that was also referred to as uh Reuben. You know that is? This is in a Yerushalmi. It's in Maseches Ma'aser Sheni. It's Perek Aleph Halacha Aleph. The Yerushalmi over there says, Pekuna shaalun Rebbi Yitzchak Ruba. They said, go ask Rebbi Yitzchak Ruba. The Bachnas Leikomas Naisa cuz I thought he heard him on every Braysa and there's nobody that is medakdek in Braysas as well as Rebbi Yitzchak Ruba. We have three people that were known as Ruba. Rebbi Chiya Ruba, Rav Hoshaya Ruba, and here you have Rebbi Yitzchak Ruba. Says Reuben Margolis, what do we know about Rebbi Yitzchak Ruba? It was Bachnas Leikomas Naisa. He knew every Braysa perfectly. What do we know about Rebbi Chiya and Rebbi Hoshaya? They're the authors of the Braysas that we have. And the Gemara says a Chunda Daf Kuf Mem Gimel that any Braysa that's not from the Braysas of Rebbi Chiya and Rebbi Hoshaya as as Rebbi He says it's not rochic to say that the Yidden that lived in Ruba they were very medakdek in Braysas. Is it a coincidence? Rebbi Yitzchak Ruba, Rav Hoshaya Ruba, and Rebbi Chiya Ruba. AND WHAT'S THEIR GREATNESS? THEY BECAME IN BRAYSAS AND THAT'S THE ONLY MAKE in this Yerushalmi over here. Rebbi Shimon bar Yochai Machshavah CHUMAS MAISAS. ACHAL BOHAR ROVA AND THE BITOISA BECAUSE THE CHEVER FROM RUBA THEY WERE MEDAKDEK IN BRAYSAS on this level and they were mevater it because this was an area of expertise that they had. Says Reuben Margolis, with all of this, maybe you can be meyashiv what I believe is a a puzzle. It's mamash a riddle. There's a Tikunei Zohar Chadash. This is on Daf Tsadik Ches Amud Aleph. The Tikunei Zohar Chadash says as follows, Kol Rav mi Bavel, the Rebbi mi Arev Yisrael, the Rova mi Shaar Aren. Any person that's called Rav it means he came from Bavel. Any person that's called Rebbi, it means he came from Eretz Yisrael. And any person that's called Rava, he means he came from Shaar Aaron. He came from other lands. Frankly, Reb Amar goes fake ashes. Because what does it mean other lands? Other? That's just like other, anywhere else on the globe. Right? Also, where do you find anywhere that Rava is a lashon of tayar? Rav is a lashon of tayar. Rebbi is a lashon of tayar. He said, "I never found one person who was known as a Rava." Rava is a name, right? Rava as in Abaye Rava, there's a lot of Rabbah bar bar Hana Rava, right? There's a lot of Ravas that that we know about, but those are the names of a person, which Pashtis was just short for Reb Abba, right? That's what Rava is. But you don't find anywhere somebody's known as Rava Akiva, Rava Tarfon, Rava Yochanan. We have Rav, we have Rebba, we don't have Rava. It doesn't even exist. And what would it mean that they came from Shaar Aaron? So he says, "I don't know if it's rachok to say that there was a little bit of a tosfos over here. It's not Rava, it's Rubba." And Rubba is something you do find. Rebbe Rubba, Rebbe Oshiya Rubba, Rebbe Yitzchak Rubba, you find the Reuven. That's a lashon, that's a nusach that you do find. You find already the concept of a Rubba. And who were these Rubba chevra? The Rubba chevra, these were people that came from Targum Anya. He said, "If you study the history of Targum Anya, when they came and they attacked, so what happened was they attacked Bavel and they annexed Bavel. They became part and parcel." See, he said the ancient Bavel didn't include this area of where the Rebbe Kesha's were, what's known as Rubba or Rebbe. But the newer area already did. That means that when the Yidden were living in Bavel, really Bavel was made up of two parts. There was the Ira Atika, right? There was the old city, and then there was this new area, this annexed area, which included in it Targum Anya. THAT WAS THE METZIUS. SO REALLY THE GEDOLIM WERE BEING HARBORED IN THREE PLACES. THE YIDDEN WOULD COME FROM ERETZ YISRAEL, and then came to Eretz Yisrael from Eretz Yisrael Tveryah mostly then, right? And then you have a Yehud that's coming from Bavel above when Bavel itself. Are you coming from the Eretz Yisrael or you coming from this annex area? That's the Kol Aram. Kol Aram doesn't mean came from Spain. Kol Aram means that he's coming from that area and it's not Kol Ruva. He says, "I don't think it's Rak to say there was a ta'us but rather what it was was Kol Ruva." Either way, again, this is classic Rav Breuer my goal is first of all like in the same shikul da'as you have a Tikunei Zohar Chadash and lahavdil this Russian historian, >> [laughter] >> which is something only he could do. But the bottom line is is that we have a Gemara here in Chullin 91a where the Gemara said, "Amar Rav Yirmiyah, Rav Yirmiyah heard the Bnei Rav Chiya halacha related to be maxei simanim when it comes to maliba malika." And he said, "Yikablu ha'ro'ivin es tzuvasam." May the ro'ivin be mekabel tzuvasam. Rashi says, "Who are the ro'ivin?" They're no'arim. Says Rav Breuer my goal is "Lulei demistafina, I would have demistafina. But lulei demistafina, maybe you could say that you want to know why the Bnei Rav Chiya were called ro'ivin. They're called ro'ivin for the same reason their father Rav Chiya was called ro'iva. For the same reason Rav Hoshaya who comes together with Rav Chiya like Abaye and Rava and Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak was also called ro'iva. It's based on the Yerushalmi Sukkah 4:4 perek dalet halacha dalet man inu ha'ro'ivin Targum Anya. This is a line in Yerushalmi that mystified the gedolei gedolei ha'rishonim. But he says maybe the pshat is based on what Rav Yosef Schwartz a great in said in his classic work, so classic it was translated by Leeser, but that classic work called Tvu'as Ha'Aretz and it was added to by Rav Yechiel Lichtenstein in his sefer Sheva Chochmos that there was a place called Targum Anya. These people came and they became part and parcel of Bavel. There were Yehudim that were born on the Bavel side, there were Yehudim that were born on the Targum Anya side. Sounds a little bit like maybe the ones that were born on that side, the ones that were born on that side were actually more medakdek in in Mishnahs and Braysas and that's the only way to make us after school. And by the way, the prices are the best prices and that's why you find THE WHO ALSO IN PRICES CUZ HE KNOWS PRICES better than anybody else. And by the way, could be that's the only way to argue more over here in school that you have to say something and then Raven. What does it mean they're Raven? They're not archers, but it means they come from the places where the archers come. And they're very very madactic in Mishnahs and Braysas. I'm told them you Raven as you lost them. He says you're a Raven, you're supposed to know this. You come from the area where the madactic, your father's Braysas are on a pedestal. Your father's his Braysas are on a pedestal. Even who's a landsman of yours is on a pedestal and you missed the end of a Mishnah. You Raven as you lost them. You referring to him as a Raven over here cuz that was the middle. That was darker of the Raven either way. Extremely extremely thought-provoking. Definitely one of the more dramatic dish wise pieces of Margolis. Literally recreating a city and a whole culture of the way Tyro was learned over there. But again, this is a line in Yushami that the other way Spanish and as a result he mentioned my marker Migdar. Either way, this is what we call classic Ben Ben classic Margolis.